AP World History Unit 1 8,000 – 600 B.C.E – Flashcards
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Aristocracy
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Definintion- A form of government in which power is held by nobility. The highest class Significance- Many civilizations has an aristocratic government
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Agriculture Revolution
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Definition- The development of crops and animal raising as a source among human communities to supplement hunting and gathering Significance- The agricultural revolution allowed many civil actions adapt from hunter gatherers to agriculturalistic
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Barbarian
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Definition- A member of a community or tribe not belonging to one of the great civilizations Significance- There were barbaric groups around the world
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Brahmins
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Definition- A member of a social and cultural elite Significance- The Hindu chief was thought to be Brahmin
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Bureaucracy
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Definition- A system of government in which most important decisions are made by state officials rather then by elected officials Significance- The Chinese civilization had a bureaucratic government
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Cities vs. Villages
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Definition- City- is a place where a large population of people live Village- A less civilized smaller group of people Significance- Most early grouping of people lived in small villages but later developed into large cities
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Civilizations
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Definition- The most advanced stage of human social developement and organization Significance- Many civilizations formed around bodies of water
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Complex Institutions
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Definition- The specialization of trade Significance- Ancient Mesopotamia had complex institutions
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Currency
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Definition- A system of money in general use Significance- Many early civilizations used trade and other products as currency
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Deity
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Definition- A god or goddess Significance- Many civilizations had deities in their religion
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Democracy
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Definition- A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them Significance- Civilizations used democracy as government
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Dharma
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Definition- The principle of cosmic order Significance- The Indus River Valley civilization believed in dharma
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Diffusion
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Definition- The spreading or something more widely Significance- Ideas and traditions spread throughout the world
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Diversified Food Supplies
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Definition- Large selection of foods Significance- Early civilizations did not have diversified food supplies
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Domesticated Animals
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Definition- Any of various animals that have been tamed and made fit for a human environment Significance- Almost all civilizations domesticated ther animals for more uses
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Dynastic Cycle
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Definition- An important political theory in China Significance- Used in chinese civilization when a new empower was added
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Egalitarian
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Definition- The belief that all people are created equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities Significance- Civilizations did and did not have egalitarianism
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Ethical Codes
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Definition- A system of principles governing morality and acceptable conduct Significance- Mesopotamia had a series of ethical codes dreated by Hammurabi
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Frontier
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Definition- A border seperating two countries Significance- The Chinese had physical frontiers
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Hunters
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Definition- A person who persuses and kills for food Significance- Very early people hunted their food
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Ice Age
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Definition- A global episode during a past geological period Significance- The ice age created land bridges bridges allowed people to come to the America's
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Intensive Cultivation
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Definition- An agricultural production system characterized by high inputs or labor Significance- The Chinese civilization had this type of system
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Irrigation System
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Definition- An artificial application of water to the soil Significance- This was a way to bring water to crops used by civilizations to water crops
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Karma
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Definition- The sum of a persons actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as their deciding fate Significance- The Indus River Valley culture included karma
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Mandate of Heaven
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Definition- A traditional Chinese philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rules Significance- The Chinese believed that their emperor had been accepted by the gods
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Monogamy
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Definition- The practice or state of being married to one person at a time Significance- Some civilizations believed you could only be married to one person
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Pagan
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Definition- A person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world Significance- Most people that had religious beliefs were all different then around the world
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Pastoralism
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Definition- The branch of agriculture concerned with racism of live stock Significance- Many societies in the beginnings of the agricultural revolution were pastoral
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Patriarchy
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Definition- A system of government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family Significance- After urbanization the end of equality between women and men began to show
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Polygamy
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Definition- The practice of having more then one wife or husband Significance- Some societies believed you could have more then one wife
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Record Keeping
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Definition- The act of keeping detailed noted about activities and events Significance- The largest civilizations in general had well kept records of their society especially the Egyptians and the Chinese
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Secular
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Definition- Denoting attitudes, activities or other things that have no religious basis Significance- Some civilizations were secular
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Sericulture
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Definition- The production of raw silk Significance-The Chinese civilization used the silk
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Settled Population
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Definition- Populations of people who stayed in their location Significance- All large civilizations were settled near water
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Slavery
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Definition- The state of being a slave Significance- Most civilization had slavery except for China
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Specialization of Labor
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Definition- The learned skill of a specific job Significance- With specialized labor people were best at what they worked at
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Surplus
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Definition- An amount of something left over when requirements have been met Significance-The civilizations has surpluses of grain
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Syncretism
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Definition- The amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought Significance- There were multiple religions in the world
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Textiles
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Definition- The branch of industry involved in manufacturing of cloth Significance- Civilizations made textiles
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Theorcacy
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Definition- A system of government in which preists rule in the gnome of god Significance- Almost all civilizations had gods
