Ap World History Key Concepts Period 3.1 – Flashcards
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How did trade networks in the post-Classical era compare to the Classical era?
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There were more, larger, and better trade networks.
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What new technologies, governmental policies, and merchant activities accompanied these developments?
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Innovations in transportation, state policies, and mercantile practices contributed to the expansion and development of commercial networks
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What role did pastoral and nomadic groups play in these trade networks?
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Pastoral or nomadic groups played a key role in creating and sustaining these networks
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How did the physical size of post-classical trade networks compare to the previous era?
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They were larger.
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What Classical Era trade networks continued during the post-classical era, and which new cities were added during the post-Classical era?
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Existing trade routes flourished inclduing the Silk Roads, the Mediterranean Sea, trans-Saharan and the Indian Ocean Basin, and promoted the growth of powerful new trading cities such as Novgorod, Timbuktu, Hangzhou, Calicut, Baghdad, and Venice
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What new technologies enabled the growth of inter-regional trade networks?
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It was encouraged by a more sophisticated caravan, use of the compass, astrolabe, and larger ships in sea travel, and new forms of credit and monetization
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What factors encouraged commercial growth in the post-Classical era?
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Commercial growth was also facilitated by new state practices, new trading organizations, and new state-sponsored commercial infrastructures
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How did trans-Eurasian trade as a whole develop during the post-Classical Era?
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The expansion of existing empires as well as new empires facilitated tans-Eurasian trade and communication as new peoples were drawn into economies and trade netowrks
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What were the effects of migration in the post-classical era?
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movement of peoples caused enviromental and linguistic effects
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What basic understandings of enviroment and technology did post-classical traders need to conduct their business?
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expansion and intensification of long-distance trade routes often depended on peoples' understanding of a particular regional enviroment and their subsequent technological adaptations
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What were the enviromental effects of migration in the post-classical era?
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Some migrations had huge impact, such as the migration of the agricultural Bantu peoples in forested regions of Sub-Saharan Agrica, and the maritime migrations of the Polynesian peoples who cultivated transplanted foods and domesticated animals.
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What were the linguistic effects of migration in the post-classical era?
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Some migrations and commercial contacts led to the diffusion of languages throughout a new region or the emergence of new languages
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How did trade networks as a whole develop in the post-classical era?
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Cross-cultural exchanges were fostered by the intensification of existing or the reation of new networks of trade & communication.
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Why and where did Muslim trade networks change in the post-classical era?
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Islam expanded from the Arabian Peninsula to many parts of Afro-Eurasia due to military expansion and the activites of merchants and missionaries
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What institutions did merchants create to foster both trade and culutural diffusion in the post-classical era?
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In key places along important trade routes, merchants set up diaspora communities where they introduced their own cultural traditions into the indigenous culture
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How well did post-classical societies know and understand each other?
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The writings of certain inter-regional travelers illustrate both the extent and the limitations of inter-cultural knowledge and understanding.
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How did post-classical trade affect the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions?
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Increased cross-cultural interactions resuluted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions.
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How did post-classical trade affect the diffusion of scientific and technological traditions?
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Increased cross-cultural interactions also resulted in the diffusion of scientific and technological traditions
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What were the biological effects of post-Classical trade?
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There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens throughout the Eastern Hemisphere along the trade routes.
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What new foods, crops, and agricultural practices diffused in the post-Classical era?
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New foods were adopted in populated areas such as bananas in Africa, new rice varieties in East Asia or the Muslim Agricultural Revolution
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What diseases and pathogens also spread via post-classical trade networks?
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The spread of epidemic diseases, including the Black Death, followed the well-established paths of trade and military conquest.
