AP World History Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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Tang Dynasty
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618-690 & 705-907
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Han Dynasty
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202 B.C.E.- 400 years later
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Qin Dynasty
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221 B.C.E. - 207 B.C.E.
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Ming Dynasty
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1368-1644
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Mongol Conquest of China
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Japanese Conquest of Manchuria
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August 8th 1931-February 27th 1932
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Olmec Civilization
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1400- 400 B.C.E.
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Aztec Civilization
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Norman Invasion
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1066
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War of Roses
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1455-1485
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Battle of Britain
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July 10th 1940 - Octobe 31 1940
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Fall of Constantinople
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April 6th 1453 - May 29th 1453
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Battle of Tours
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October 10 732 AD
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30 years war
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1618-1648
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Magna Carta
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June 15th 1215
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King Louis XIV`
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Birth/Death: September 5th 1638 - September 1 1715 Rule: 1643 - 1715
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Charlemagne
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Birth/Death: April 2 747 - January 28th 814 Rule: King of Franks 768-814, King of Lombards 774-814, First Emperor of Romans 800-814
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King Henry VIII
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Birth/Death: June 28 1491 - January 28th 1547 Rule: April 21 1509 - January 28th 1547
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Napoleonic Code
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March 21st 1804
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Justinian Code
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529-565 A.D.
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Treaty of Versailles
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June 28 1919
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Russian Revolution
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March 8 1917 (Don't know if this is accurate)
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French Revolution
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1789-1799
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Chinese Revolution
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October 10th 1911 - February 12th 1912
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Neolithic Revolution
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The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture 8500- 3500 B.C.
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Daoism
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A chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu advocating humility and religious piety.
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Confucianism
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a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius
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Hinduism
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a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia developed from Verdic religion
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Buddhism
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a religion of Eastern and Central Asia growing out of teachings of Gautama Buddha that suffering in life and that one can be liberated from it by mental and moral self purification
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12 Tables
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earliest code of Roman civil, criminal, and religious law 451-450 B.C
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Justinian Code
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the body of Roman law that was codified and promulgated under Justinian
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Islam 5 Pillars of Faith
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Framework of Muslim life, testimony of faith, prayer, support of the needy, fasting during the month of Ramadan and pilgrimage to Makkah once in lifetime for those who are able.
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Bedouins
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Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam.
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Seljuk Turks
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nomadic invaders from central asia via persia; staunch sunnis ruled in name of abbasid caliphs from mid 11th century
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Ottoman Empire
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A dynasty established beginning in the 13th century by Turkish peoples from central asia. though most of their empire's early territory was in Asia minor, the Ottomans eventually captured Constantinople and made it the capital of an empire that spanned three continents and lasted over 600 years
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Sati
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the practiced followed by small minorities usually upper caste of Indians of burning windows on the funeral pyres of their deceased husbands.
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Songhay
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successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali. R. 1464-1492
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griots
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professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the mali empire.
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icon
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artistic representation usually a religious figure
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relic
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an object surviving an earlier time or a part of a deceased holy person's body or belongings kept as an object of reverence
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Magna Carta
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great charter issued by king john of England in 1215; confirmed feudal rights against monarchical claims; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy
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feudalism
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the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
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manorialism
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the name for the organization of the economy in the Middle Ages. describes how land was distributed and who profited from the land.
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flying money
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paper currency of the Tang dynasty in China and can be considered the first banknote.
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seppuku
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ritual suicide by self-disembowelment on a sword; practiced by samurai in the traditional Japanese society.
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samurai
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a member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, especially a member of the class of military retainers of the daimyos.
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ethnocentrism
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evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.
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humanism
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an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.
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calvinism
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the Protestant theological system of John Calvin and his successors, which develops Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone and emphasizes the grace of God and the doctrine of predestination.
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7 years war
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fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas between 1756-1763; resulted in Prussia seizures of land from Australia, English seizures of colonies in India and North America
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encomiendas
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Grant of Indians laborers made to Spanish conquerors and settlers in mesoamerica and south america
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peninsulares
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people living in the New World Spanish colonies but born in spain
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mestizos
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people mixed European and Indian ancestry in mesoamerica and south america; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain often part of forced labor systems.
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janissaries
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ottoman infantry divisions that dominated ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans; legally slaves; translated military service into political influence particularly after 15th century.
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triangular trade
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commerce linking Africa; New world colonies and Europe; slaves carried to America for sugar and tobacco transported to Europe.
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columbian exchange
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a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Wars. Exchange of plants and animals and diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways to life
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indies piece
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term used within the complex exchange system by the Spanish for African trade; referred to the value of an adult male slave
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Manchus
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a member of a people originally living in manchuria who formed the last imperial dynasty of China (1644-1912)
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sepoys
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troops that served the British East India Company; recruited mainly from various warlike peoples in India
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gauchos
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a cowboy of the south america pampas
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Opium War
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fought between the British and Qing China begining in 1839; fought to protect British trade in opium; resulted in British victory; opening for Hong Kong as British port of trade.
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Taiping Rebellion
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Broke out in South China in the 1850's and early 1860's; led by Hong Xiuguah; a semi Christianized prophet; sought to overthrow Qing Dynasty and Confucian basis of scholar gentry
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Bolsheviks
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Literally the majoirty party; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by V.I. Lenin and dedicated to his concept of social revolution;
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Zaibatsu
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huge industrial combines created in Japan in the 1890's as part of the processes of industrialization
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Treaty of Versailes
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Peace treaty at the end of World War I; it ended the state war between Germany and the Allied powers. it was signed on June 28th 1919; exactly 5 years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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League of Nations
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international diplomatic and peace organization created in the treaty of versailles that ended world war I; one of the chief goals of President woodrow wilson of the us in the peace negotiations; the US was never a member
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totalitarian states
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a new kind of government in the 20th century that exercised massive direct control over virtually all the activities of its subject; existed in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union
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Asian economic tigers
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the four asian tigers or four asain dragons is a term used in refrence to the highly free market and developed economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
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Satyagraha
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"truth force"; strategy of nonviolent protest developed by mohandas Gandhi and his followers of India; later deployed throughout the colonized world and us.
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zionism
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movement originating in eastern europe during the 1860's and 70's whose leaders argued that the Jews must return to a middle Eastern holy land; eventually identified with settlement of palestine.
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Great Leap Forward
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Economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958; proposed industrialization of small scale projects integrated into peasant communities led to economic disaster ended in 1960
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Cultural Revolution
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movement initiated in 1965 by Mao Zedong to restore his dominance over pragmatists; used mob to ridicule Mao's political rivals; campaign was called off in 1968
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Zheng He
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A muslim from western china who improved compass and excellent maps and huge vessels that were good for trade. He commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea trade expeditions under 3rd ming emperor Yunglo between 1405 and 1433
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Euclid
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produced what was long the world's greatest widely used compendium of geometry
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Pericles
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An Athenian political leader in the 5th century who was also an aristocrat but part of a democratic political structure. Ruled through wise influence and negotiation and not through official position and helped restrain some of the more aggressive views of the Athenian democrats and couldn't prevent the next war.
