AP World History Chp. 8 – Flashcards
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Stateless Societies
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Societies of varying sizes organized through kinship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states.
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Maghrib
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Arabic term for western north Africa.
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Almoravids & Almohads
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Puritanical Islamic reform movements among the Berbers of northwest Africa; built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain.
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Ethiopia
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A Christian kingdom in the highlands of eastern Africa.
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Lalibela
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13-th century Ethiopian ruler; built great rock churches.
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Sahel
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The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; an exchange region between the forests to the south and north Africa.
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Sudanic States
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States trading to north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways.
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Mali
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State of the Malinke people, centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers.
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Mansa
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Title of the ruler of Mali.
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Mansa Kankan Musa
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Made a pilgrimage to Mecca during the 14th century that became of the wealth distributed along the way.
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Sundiata
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Created a unified state that became the Mali Empire; died in 1260.
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Timbuktu
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Niger River port city of Mali; had a famous Muslim university.
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Songhay
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Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao.
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Hausa States
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States, such as Kano, among the Hausa of northern Nigeria; combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs.
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Zenji
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Arabic term for the people and coast of east Africa.
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East African Trading Ports
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Urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Plate, Zanzibar.
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Ibn Batuta
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Muslim traveler who described African societies and cultures. A sort of Muslim "Marco Polo" Mall in Dubai.
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Demographic Transition
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The change from slow to rapid population growth; often associated with industrialization; occurred first in Europe and is more characteristic of the "developed world".
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Benin
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Nigerian city-state formed by the Edo people during the 14th century; famous for its bronze art work.
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Kongo Kingdom
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large agricultural state on the lower Congo river; capital at Mbanza Kongo.
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Zimbabwe
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Central African Royal Stone Courts
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Great Zimbabwe
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With Massive stone building and walls, incorporates the greatest early building in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Islamization
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The spread of the Islamic faith across the Middle East, southwestern Asia, and northern Africa.
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Bantu Migration
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Group of people and associated language which originated in Nigeria; migrated south over much of the African continent and made up a majority of the African language groups.
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Ifriqiya
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Term used by the Romans for Africa.
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Jihad
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An Islamic term used for holy war waged to purify, spread, or protect the faith.
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Axum
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Developing in the Ethiopian highlands and traded with India and the Mediterranean areas to gain Greek and Arabian cultural influences; conversion of the kinds to Christianity in 350 C.E laid the basis for Ethiopian Christian culture.
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Ghana
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Territory in east Africa north of the Senegal and Niger rivers; inhabited by the Soninke people in the 5th century C.E; Sonike called their ruler "Ghana" thus was created the name of the Kingdom.
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Sharia
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Codified Islamic Law which is ethically based on the Qur'an and the Hadith.
