AP World History Chapters 24-26 – Flashcards

Conservatism: Political viewpoint with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; opposed revolutionary goals; advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of the church. Liberalism: Political viewpoint with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; stressed limited state interference in individual life, representation of propertied people in government; urged importance of constitutional rule and parliaments. Radicalism: Political viewpoint with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; advocated broader voting rights than liberals; in some cases advocated outright democracy; urged reforms in favor of the lower classes. Significance: All showed the difference viewpoints of people at the time, everyone wanted different goals. All had different ideas about how government should be. Led to a lot of wars, disagreements, and revolutions.

The 1820 revolts involved a nationalist Greek revolution which was a rebellion in Greece against the Ottoman empire; key step in gradually dismantling the Ottoman empire in the Balkans. Significance: Start of independence from the Ottoman empire which ultimately began the empire's downfall. It also was the first time a colony successfully revolted and chased out their mother country.

Led by Napoleon Bonaparte, a radical. The Congress of Vienna met after the wars. The purpose of the wars was to reduce the Parliament to a rubber stamp and a powerful police system limited freedom of expression. Napoleon gave men more powers and freedoms than he allowed women. Significance: Gave other countries the inspiration to revolt for themselves and free themselves of a government ruled primarily by the upper classes.

Fought from 1861 to 1865; first application of Industrial Revolution to warfare; resulted in abolition of slavery in the United States and reunification of North and South. Significance: Brought equality to the United States as the end of slavery was proclaimed from the Emancipation Proclamation. It also showed the rest of the world that all people should be considered equal and not subject to slavery or colonization.

Political movement with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state of control of means of production, end to capitalist exploitation of the working man. Significance: Another demonstration of wanting equality for all classes, like during the American Civil War.

Triple Alliance: Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of the European alliance system and balance of power prior to to World War I. Triple Entente: Alliance among Britain, Russia, and France at the onset of the 20th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I. Significance: Started showing that if something happened to one area, the other area would help stand-up for them. It also showed internal divisions among European nations due to political ideological differences.

For independence from Britain; mainly because Britain attempted to implicate new taxes and trade constrictions on the colonies; Americans also did not like the restrictions on moving toward the West to expand; they were being taxed without being represented. Significance: It showed that the colonists were not going to be pushed around; it led to the freedom of the United States from Great Britain.

Meeting in the aftermath of Napoleonic Wars (1815) to restore political stability in Europe and settle diplomatic disputes. Significance: The congress was setting political rules about what could and could not happen.

The British were the political masters of Java; Java was the center of the Dutch East India Company; it was also the site of Indonesian struggle for independence in the 1930s and 1940s. Significance: The Dutch, and other European countries, were beginning to lose their grip over their colonies; this hurt the European countries economically as they lost products and finances when they lost the colonies.

British political establishments in India; developed as a result of the rivalry between France and Britain in India. Significance: They were one of the main outcomes of the global rivalry between France and Britain; they were the cause of 5 major wars; they fought in Europe, the Caribbean, North America, and the Indian Ocean.

The Zulus in South Africa had the courage and discipline to face and defeat sizable British forces and battles such as the battle at Isandhlwana; western language education was left largely to the Protestant and Catholic missionaries. Significance: It showed how expanded western Europe's territory reached; it once again, showed the former colonies beginning to demand their own independence and starting to revolt and fight for said independence.

Countries began colonizing other countries in order to expand their own industries; by expanding their territory, the countries were able to access more diverse products and not have to pay as they could manufacture their own goods. Significance: Because countries were gaining economic prosperity from their colonies industries, this just encouraged them to colonize more.

Britain removed the Queen of Hawaii from her throne and claimed Hawaii as its own territory; the islands were then subject to western influence; Captain James Cook convinced a young Hawaiian prince through imitation they could unify the kingdoms but when a new ruler came to throne, they realized that the western ways were changing to original ways so they had to take over. Significance: It showed the British weren't afraid to use force to take what they wanted; it also gave the state of Hawaii to the newly formed United States of America.

Creole military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822; military success led to creation of the independent state of Gran Colombia. Significance: Bolivar was the first to be firmly committed to the cause of independence of Gran Colombia and republic growth.

Latin American politicians who wished to create a strong, centralized national governments with broad powers; often supported by politicians who described themselves as conservatives. Significance: Federalists believed in a stricter government set-up and wanted the government to take all control and power rather than the power.

An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from United States support for a Panamanian independence movement in return for a grant to exclusive rights to a canal across the Panama isthmus; provided short route between Atlantic and Pacific ocean; completed 1914. Significance: The Panama Canal was a fitting symbol of technological and industrial strength of the United States; it also demonstrated their support of the independence of central and southern american countries.

The French Revolution was led by Napoleon Bonaparte, who fought against the Parliament for more personal freedoms for the everyday citizens. The French Revolution inspired the Latin Americans to do the same by claiming independence from their European strongholds. Significance: This demonstrates the impact one revolution can have on another and the overall domino effect; if the French Revolution had not happened, the Latin American Revolutions may not have happened either or been significantly delayed due to lack of motivation.

American declaration stated in 1823; established that any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act by the United States; supported by Great Britain as a means of opening Latin American trade. Significance: The United States will not let themselves be conquered by another country again and they are establishing their authority by protecting their neighboring countries from colonization as well.

Fought between Mexico and the United States from 1846 to 1848; led to devastating defeat of Mexican forces, loss of about one-half of Mexico's national territory to the United States. Significance: Mexico suffered a large mass of loss, it also helped the US develop a sense of nationality and helped to have the desire to confront the nation's serious internal problems which also bore some responsibility for the war and defeat; it also gave the US more territory.

***ask in class*** Significance: