Analyze the Ap World History Chapter 9 Essay – Flashcards
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Punjab
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A northern region of India. It is the only way one can enter India by land without going over the Himalayas
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Maurya Dynasty
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An Indian Empire that had a bureaucratic administration. It unified all of India into a peaceful and stable empire save for the southern tip of India
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Maurya Dynasty
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A dynasty that fell when it overtaxed the people, which led to rebellion which overthrew the emperor. It split into multiple regional kingdoms
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Maurya Dynasty
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The empire in India that supported Buddhism, and later accepted Hinduism when it arose
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varna
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The main social class distinction in the caste system
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brahmins
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The head social class, the priests
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kshatriyas
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the nobles and warriors
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vaishyas
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the artisans and merchants
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shudras
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the peasants and serfs
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untouchables
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The lowest social class. Those who perform unclean and unholy jobs and are excluded from society
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Four Noble Truths
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Says that desire causes suffering, elimination of desire eliminates suffering, all life involves suffering, a disciplined life following the Eight-fold Path ends all desire
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Four Noble Truths
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The core of the dharma and Buddhism
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Noble Eight-fold Path
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A teaching of Buddhism that demands individuals to lead moderate lives, reject luxuries, and follow an ascetic way of life to obtain salvation
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Chandra Gupta
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A leader who made alliances with other kingdoms and gradually made them subservient to his rule. In this way he founded the Gupta Empire
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Samudra Gupta
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Successor of Chandra Gupta who worked to expand the Gupta empire even farther. He helped rebuild Pataliputra and formed more alliance with nearby kingdoms
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Chandra Gupta II
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Successor of Samudra Gupta who expanded the Gupta empire and rebuilt Pataliputra.
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Chandragupta Maurya
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Founder of the Maurya Empire
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Chandragupta Maurya
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A leader who exploited the turmoil that Alexander the Great left when he attacked India. He overthrew the Magadha empire and expanded his own empire into Greek Bactria
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Magadha Empire
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The empire that ruled Punjab, endured Alexander the Great's attack, and was conquered by the Maurya Dynasty
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White Huns
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The nomadic invaders from Greek Bactria. They constantly strained the Gupta Empire with constant invasions.
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White Huns
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The invaders that expanded into Gupta India. They established their own kingdoms in Gupta territory which eventually overthrew the Gupta Empire
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Siddhartha Guatama
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Founder of Buddhism who tried to find the source of suffering. He achieved enlightenment and made the Noble Eight-fold Path and the Four Noble Truths
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The Buddha
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What Guatama became after he achieved enlightenment while meditating under a tree. His name means " the enlightened one"
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Bodh Gava
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The place that Guatama achieved enlightenment
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dharma
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The core teaching of Buddhism that includes the Noble Eight-fold Path and the Four Noble Truths. ( In Hinduism it is an ethic that said one must obey religious and moral laws)
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guilds
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A social unit in India formed by people who have the same profession and social class
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guilds
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A corporate body that supervises the wages and protected it's workers. Members formed their own small communities and caused the jati to be made
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Gupta Empire
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The empire that later unified India after the Maurya Empire
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Gupta Empire
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The Indian empire that was established through exploitative alliances, not through conquest. It relied on those alliances with regional kingdoms to govern
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Ashoka Maurya
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The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya who brought the Maurya Empire to it's height.
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Ashoka Maurya
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The emperor who strengthened his control on his bureaucracy and built Pataliputra. He also supported Buddhism and built many statues and pillars to announce laws. His death sent the Mauryan Empire into decline
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Ashoka Maurya
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The Mauryan emperor who built many roads and irrigation systems in India to increase trade within India
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Kalinga
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The independent territory that Ashoka Maurya conquered. During this battle he underwent a spiritual transformation making him a Buddhist
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jati
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A subcaste, it refers to your profession and many in the same jati formed guilds
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stupas
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Popular shrines that housed relics of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas. It is a sort of religious museum funded by nobles
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nirvana
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Personal salvation one could achieve in both Buddhism and Hinduism. It occurred when you escaped the cycle of reincarnation and obtained eternal bliss.
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Vishnu
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The preserver of the world. One of the main gods in Hinduism. He often takes the form of humans.
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Mahabharata
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The Hindu epic that explains the role of your social class and involves Vishnu
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Pataliputra
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The capital for the Maurya and Gupta Empires. It was a cosmopolitan city that had massive wealth. It resided on the Ganges river and was well planned out to a rectangular shape
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caste system
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A social order system that was created by the Aryans.It also serves as a sort of political order as well, as social classes have power over the others
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Jainism
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An influential religion that arose in India when people started to stray from brahmin rituals. It emphasizes ahimsa to extreme extents and believes even non-living things have souls
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Jainism
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A religion that requires your entire life to obtain salvation. It involves extreme asceticism which led to it's unpopularity when Buddhism arose
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Vardhamana Mahavira
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The founder of Jainism
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bodhisattvas
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People who obtained enlightenment but chose to stay on earth in order to help others do the same. They were examples of excellence and saints of Buddhism.
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ahimsa
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The process by which souls are purified in Jainism. In all religions, however, it is to not hurt any other soul in anything or anyone
