AP World History Chapter 30 Terms – Flashcards
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The Great Depression
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a time period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic depression and mass unemployment
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Neville Chamberlain
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British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)
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Manchuria
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a region in northeastern China
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protectionism
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the policy of imposing duties or quotas on imports in order to protect home industries from overseas competition
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Munich Conference
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1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further.
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kulaks
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Rich peasants in the Russian Empire who owned larger farms and used hired labour. They were their own class.
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socialism in one country
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Policy adopted by Stalin in the autumn of 1924, in which the notion of a worldwide socialist revolution was abandoned in favor of making the Soviet Union a successful socialist state.
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Ethiopia
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African nation invaded by fascist Italy in 1935
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collectivization
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the organization of a nation or economy on the basis of collectivism
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Popular Front
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a leftist coalition organized against a common opponent
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Spanish Civil War
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civil war in Spain in which General Franco succeeded in overthrowing the republican government
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Five-Year Plan
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Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine
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Fascism
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a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)
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Francisco Franco
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Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)
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Socialist Realism
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artistic style whose goal was to promote socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light
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Benito Mussolini
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Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)
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syndicalism
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a radical political movement that advocates bringing industry and government under the control of labor unions
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Politburo
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the chief executive and political committee of the Communist Party
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Adolf Hitler
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German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)
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Tragic Week
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In Argentina in 1919, the government brutally repressed labor strikes.
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Great Purge
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The widespread arrests and executions of over a million people by Josef Stalin between 1936 and 1938. Stalin was attempting to eliminate all opposition to his rule of the Soviet Union.
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New Deal
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a reapportioning of something
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corporatism
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A method of co-optation whereby authoritarian systems create or sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public and restrict those not set up or approved by the state.
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Franklin Roosevelt
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32nd President of the United States
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Lazaro Cardenas
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President of Mexico (1934-1940). He brought major changes to Mexican life by distributing millions of acres of land to the peasants, bringing representatives of workers and farmers into the inner circles of politics, and nationalizing the oil industry 820
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totalitarian state
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country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people
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Getulio Vargas
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Dictator of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1954. Defeated in the presidential election of 1930, he overthrew the government and created Estado Novo ('New State'), a dictatorship that emphasized industrialization. (823)
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Gestapo
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the secret state police in Nazi Germany
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Juan and Evita Peron
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This couple who were in charge of Argentina went against much of what previous leaders did. Unlike the landowning elites, these two really wanted to make an impact on the lives of the laborers. They decided it would be good to make a pact with the laborers: don't go on strike and we'll be your personal representatives. This caused some issues because the Argentinian laborers became more loyal to these two than the country of Argentina.
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Anschluss
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The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938.
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nationalization
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changing something from private to state ownership or control
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appeasement
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the act of appeasing (as by acceding to the demonds of)
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Tojo Hideki
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Japanese army officer who initiated the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and who assumed dictatorial control of Japan during World War II
