AP world history chapter 3 terms – Flashcards
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untouchables
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LOWEST LEVEL OF INDIAN SOCIETY; not considered a real part of the caste system; often given degrading jobs; their life was extremely difficult
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ramayana
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one of two classical Hindu epics telling of the banishment of Rama from his kingdom and the abduction of his wife by a demon and Rama's restoration to the throne
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arthashastra
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India's political how-to guide, Mauryan empire
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gurus
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brahmans who were teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the guptas
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dharma
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In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties
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upanishads
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philosophical texts sacred to the hindu religion.
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mandala
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A religious symbol associated with meditation, usually created with geometric patterns and shapes
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kamasutra
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(Hinduism) an ancient Sanskrit text giving rules for sensuous and sensual pleasure and love and marriage in accordance with Hindu law
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karma
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In Hindu belief, all the actions that affect a person's fate in the next life
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mahabharata
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a great indian epic poem, reflecting the struggles of the aryans as they moved south into india
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stupas
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religious buildings that originally housed Buddha relics. Stupas developed into familiar Buddhist architecture
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mauryas
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The first great indian empire.
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kushanas
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dynasty that succeeded the Mauryas;
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tamil
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the name of a language and people group in southern india
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reincarnation
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belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death
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nirvana
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a condition of great peace or happiness
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guptas
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A dynasty that united the indian states after the Mauryan empire.
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sanskrit
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the most important language of ancient India
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skanda gupta
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Last of the able rulers of the Gupta dynasty; following his reign the empire dissolved under the pressure of nomadic invasions
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buddha
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founder of Buddhism
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chandragupta maurya
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king, founder of the Mauryan Empire
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ashoka
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grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; completed conquests of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire
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kautilya
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political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya; believed in scientific application of warfare
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himalayas
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The highest mountains in the world, which stretch along northern India, separating it from the rest of Asia.
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vedas
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Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.
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varnas
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The social divisions of the Aryan Society that included from top to bottom: 1)priests (Brahmins), 2) rulers or warriors; 3) farmers, craftspeople, traders; 4) workers and servants (Sudras)
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jati
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(Hinduism) a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India
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indra
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chief god of the Rig-Veda
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brahma
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A Hindu god considered the creator of the world.
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yoga
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a system of exercises practiced as part of the Hindu discipline to promote control of the body and mind
