AP World History: Chapter 17-Feudalism in Europe and Japan – Flashcards
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What is the time period of the Middle Ages?
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500-1500s
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Who were the successors of the Roman Empire?
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Germanic kingdom (Visigoths and Ostrogoths) Nomadic empire
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How was the rule in Europe during the Middle Ages?
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Decentralized rule
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Explain how the Franks ruled in Europe during the Middle Ages
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-Focused on agriculture -Shifted center of empire from Italy to northern lands of France and Low Countries -Decentralized political structure
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Describe the rule of Clovis and his dance on theological matters
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-Ended Roman authority in Gaul and ruled over Franks -Clovis and army converted from polytheism to Roman Christianity
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How did Clovis's conversion to Christianity affect his rule?
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-Gained support from western Christian church and Christian population -Alliance with Roman church gave political strength -Became powerful Germanic people
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What happened after the death of Clovis?
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Charles Martel founded Carolingian Dynasty
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What was the effect of the Carolingian Dynasty?
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Battle of Tours (732)- Defeated Muslim army from Spain and stopped Muslim expansion in Spain
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Describe the rule of Charlemagne
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-Returned centralized imperial rule -Kept good relations with Byzantines and Abbasids to avoid becoming enemies -Expanded territories (Conquered France, Belgium, Netherlands, SW Germany, NE Spain, Bavaria, Italy)
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How did he maintain his authority?
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-Travelled through realm to maintain authority; Not enough money to run extensive bureaucracy or administration to enforce policies -Relied on counts for political, military, and legal authority in local territories
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Why did Charlemagne refuse title as emperor and until what point?
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-Did not want to be called emperor because title would pose challenge to Byzantine authority, who considered themselves successors of Roman empire -Pope Leo 3 coronated Charlemagne as surprise
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Why did the Pope coronate Charlemagne?
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-Gave title to make Roman Catholic Church more powerful -Pope has ability to give title means that Pope has greater power than emperor (Charlemagne)
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What happened to the Carolingian Empire after the death of Charlemagne?
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-Louis the Pious took over -Loss control of counts and local authorities -Established own power bases -Empire divided into 3 portions -End of Carolingian empire
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What is feudalism?
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Political system in which land is exchanged for protection
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What is the economic system of feudalism?
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Manorialism
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Social structure of feudalism?
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1. King (no real power; only figurehead) 2. Lords (receive a fief from the king) 3. Vassals (lesser lords) 4. Knights (warrior class) 5. Serfs (provided free labor)
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How were the knights and serfs related?
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Knights provided serfs protection; serfs provide knights with food and labor
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Explain the importance of cities in feudalism
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-Cities no longer important -Importance of land
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What showed power in feudalism?
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Land associated wit power and wealth
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What was a trade organization during the Late Middle Ages?
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Hanseatic League
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Briefly describe the Nara and Heian Periods in Japan
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Attempted to copy Chinese systems- unsuccessful
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Briefly describe Medieval Japan
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Decentralized political order Lords w/authority in local regions Valued military talent and discipline Samurai=warrior (similar to knights in Europe)
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What was the reason for emergence of feudalism in Europe?
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To escape warfare and fighting; Need for protection following collapse of Roman empire
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What was the reason for emergence of feudalism in Japan?
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Feudalism emerges from tax system flaw: Wealth landowners were exempt from taxes, peasants sold land to nobles and nobles gained more land, nobles hired samurai to protect their land
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What was the code of conduct that knights had to follow in feudal Europe? In Japan?
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Chivalry- Europe Bushido- Japan
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What was the unifying force during feudalism in Europe?
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Papal leadership of the Roman Catholic Church
