AP World History Chapter 17 – Flashcards
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Niccolo Machiavelli
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Italian Renaissance writer, described government in the way it actually worked (ruthless). He wrote The Prince (the end justifies the mean).
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humanism
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the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
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Northern Renaissance
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the movement in Art in Germany and Flanders that reflected greater religious tones; , Emphasized Critical Thinking, Developed Christian Humanism criticizing the church & society, Painting/ Woodcuts/Literature
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Francis I
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This was the French king who reached an agreement with Pope Leo X and allowed the French king to select French bishops and abbots
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Johannes Gutenberg
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German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)
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European style family
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Originated in 15th century among peasants and artisans of western Europe, featuring late marriage age, emphasis on the nuclear family, and a large minority who never married.
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Protestantism
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the theological system of any of the churches of western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation
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Anglican church
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the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs)
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Jean Calvin
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French Protestant (16th century) who stressed doctrine of predestination; established center of his group at Swiss canton of Geneva; encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education; Calvinism spread from Switzerland to northern Europe and North America
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Catholic Reformation
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Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.
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Jesuits
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Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
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edict of Nantes
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1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship.
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Thirty Years War
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(1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Treaty of Westphalia
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Ended Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic
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English Civil War
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civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I
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proletariat
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a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages
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witchcraft persecution
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Reflected resentment against the poor, uncertainties about religious truth; resulted in death of over 100,000 Europeans between 1590 and 1650; particularly common in Protestant areas.
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Scientific Revolution
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an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method
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Copernicus
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Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
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Galileo
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Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars
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William Harvey
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English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood
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Rene Descartes
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French philosopher and mathematician
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Isaac Newton
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English mathematician and physicist
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Deism
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the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation
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John Locke
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English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
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absolute monarchy
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a system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power
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Louis XIV
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king of France from 1643 to 1715
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Glorious Revolution
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the revolution against James II
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parliamentary monarchy
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Originated in England and Holland, 17th century, with kings partially checked by significant legislative powers in parliaments.
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Frederick the Great
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king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786
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Enlightenment
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a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
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Adam Smith
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Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790)
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
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Cervantes
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Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)
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social sciences
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Related disciplines that study various aspects of human social behavior
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John Kay
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1733, a Brit who invented the fly shuttle. Made it possible for one person instead of two to operate a loom in textile manufacturing. It increased the output of woven material and therefore also the demand for yarn.
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Deism
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the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation
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Marianne Ehrmann
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Used her journal to suggest that men might be partly to blame for women's lowly position.
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Jesuits
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Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
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95 Theses
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Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on October 31, 1517.
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Denis Diderot
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French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France
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William Shakespeare
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English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)
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Boccaccio
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Italian poet (born in France) (1313-1375)
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Lutheranism
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teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone
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Rabelias
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ridiculed institutions (such as clergy) through use of gross humor
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witchcraft
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the art of sorcery
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Diderot's Encyclopedia
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spread Enlightenment ideas to educated people all over the world
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liberty and equality
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Two ideas that fueled revolution in America and Europe. It was a call for individual human rights
