AP World History Chapter 16 – Flashcards
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Christopher Columbus
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Genose Captian in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; succsesfully sailed to new world and retuned in 1492
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Portuguese captain in spanish service; began the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1519; died during voyage; allowed Spain to claim possession fo the Philippines
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East India Company
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Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in Asia; acted as virtually indepent goverenment in regions it claimed
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World Economy
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Established by europeans in 16th century; based on control of seas, including Atlantic and Pacific; created international exchanges of food disease and products
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Columbian Exchange
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Biological and ecological exchange that took place folling the Spanish establishment of colonies in the New World; peoples of Europe and Africa came to New World
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Lepanto
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Navel battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire resulting in a Spanish victory in 1571
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Core Nations
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Nations, usally European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial servicessuch as shipping
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New France
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French colonies in North America; extended from St Lawerence River along great lakes and down Mississippi River
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Treaty of Paris
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Arranged in 1763 following Seven Years World; granted New France to England in exchange for French suger island in Caribbean
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Cape Colony
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Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for Dutch seaborne empire; by 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with with Bantus
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Boers
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Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony, in southern Africa
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Calcutta
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Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinant;located on Ganges; captured in 1756 during early part of Seven Years War; later became administrtive center for all of Bengel
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Seven Years War
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Fought in both Europe and overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763; resulted in Russian seizures of land from Austria, English seziures of colonies in India and North America
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Cape of Good Hope
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Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India
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Mercantilism
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Economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economics in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe
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Mestizos
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People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica amd South America; particulary prevalent in areas colonized by Spain
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John Locke
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English philosopher during 17th century; argued that people could learn everything through senses and reason; argued that power of government came from the people, not divine right of kings; offered possibility of revolution to overthrow tyrants
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Vasco de Balboa
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a Spaniard, who in 1513 crossed the Isthmus of Panama and became the first known European to gaze westward upon the great ocean that separated America from China.
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Francisco Pizzaro
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Led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish
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Vasco da Gama
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Portuguese captain who sailed for India in 1497; established early Portuguese dominance in Indian Ocean
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Dependent Economy
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Atlantic Colonies
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British colonies in North America along atlantic coast
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William Shakespeare
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English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)
