AP World History Chapter 15 – Flashcards
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Zhu Xi
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definition: (1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China significance: demonstrated the influence of Buddhism
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Sui
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definition: a dynasty (581 to 618) that rebuilt the Great Wall and began canal building, restored centralized rule after war
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Grand Canal
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definition: an inland waterway 1000 miles long in eastern China built by the Sui dynsaty significance: facilitated trade in China from north to south
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Tang
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definition: the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907, restored centralized rule after war
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Chang'an
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definition: ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an
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Equal field system
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definition: inheritance system where 1/5 of the land when to the peasant's descendants and the rest went to the government
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Bureaucracy of merit
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definition: civil service examinations; based on Confucian education - no longer decided by family lineage significance: Helped to strengthen the imperial government
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Middle Kingdom
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definition: refers to China because the people believed that their land stood between heaven and Earth significance: rationalized the reason as to why the Chinese ruled over so many
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Uighurs
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definition: A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia.
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Song
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definition: the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279 significance: flourished empire of China
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Khitan
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definition: Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture significance: brought the end of the Song dynasty
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Jurchen
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definition: nomadic people that conquered Khitan, overran northern China, and captured the Song capital
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Foot binding
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definition: practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller significance: demonstrated Chinese patriarchal society
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Dunhuang
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definition: A Chinese city on the edge of Taklimaken desert; all silk road routes reached this point significance: Location of a prominent Buddhist monastery, promoted Buddhism
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Chan Buddhism
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definition: Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society significance: brought Buddhism into China
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Neo-Confucianism
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definition: term that describesthe resurgence of Confusianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the Tang dynasty significance: demonstrated Buddhist influences
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Silla
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definition: Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies significance: Stopped Chinese rule in China, helped extend Chinese influence
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Vietnam
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definition: a southern state below China significance: had fast-ripening Rice, allowed much more food to be produced
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Nara Japan
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definition: Japanese period (710-794) centered around city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence significance: demonstrated CHinese influence
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Heian period
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definition: (794 - 1100) move the capital to Heian; 300 years of developing a new culture; growth of large estates significance: moved away from chinese culutre, began to become more distinct
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Tale of Genji
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definition: story of Prince Genji and his lovers, written by Lady Murasaki Shikibu at end of 11th century, world's first full novel significance: first novel
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Minamoto
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definition: Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan significance: Brought in the medieval period of Japan
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Shogun
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definition: a hereditary military dictator of Japan significance: established in place of an emperor, fractioned imperial rule
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Kamakura
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definition: Yorimoto's capital during his shogunate, destroyed in 1331 significance: head of the true power of Japan
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Muromachi
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definition: later medieval period of Japan that ran from 1336 - 1573 CE; during the two periods, Japan developed a decentralized political order significance: Japan developed a decentralized political order
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Samurai
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definition: a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy significance: leaders of the military emperor
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Bushido
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definition: traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living significance: provided more time for the Samurai to focus on bettering themselves
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Seppuku
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definition: Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor significance: demonstrated the Samurai's dedication to his profession
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