AP World History–Chapter 12 Terms – Flashcards
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Hangzhou
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Capital of Song dynasty Renowned for its beauty and sophistication Sea permitted international commerce; population of more than 1,500,000
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Wendi
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Reunited core areas of Chinese civilization for the first time in 3 1/2 centuries, Member of prominent northern Chinese family during period of Six Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty.
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Yangdi
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Son of Wendi, member of the sui dynasty, murdered his father Drove back nomads from the north Established milder legal code Restored examination system responsible for the canal system
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Loyang
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Capital of later Sui dynasty Built by peasants under Yangdi
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Li Yuan
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Laid basis for golden age of Tang dynasty took over after assassination of Yandi. title of Gaozu
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Kaozong
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Tang emperor During his rule, Korea taken over by Chinese army
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scholar-gentry
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Civil servants appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day governance obtained from well-educated households song dynasty
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Changan
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Later capital of the Tang dynasty, larger than any other city in the world at that time
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Ministry of Rites
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Administered many kinds of exams for examination system
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jinshi
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Title given to those who pass the most difficult exam on Chinese literature
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pure land buddhism
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Heaven-like concept in Mahayana Buddhism; provided a refuge from an age of war and turmoil
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Zen
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Chan variation of Buddhism Practiced mostly in China, Japan, and the West Stressed meditation and appreciation of natural beauty
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Empress Wu
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Empress; Tried to make Buddhism state religion; Comissioned many Buddhist paintings and sculptures; Tang Dynasty
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Wuzong
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Emperor from Tang dynasty Buddhism openly accused under his rule; by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology.
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Empress Wei
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Poisoned husband, son of Empress Wu, in order to seize throne Put her son on throne
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Xuanzong
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Tang dynasty reached peak under his rule Devoted more to internal pleasures (music, art) than running the empire Married Yang Guifei
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Yang Guifei
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Later wife of Xuanzong, royal concubine She and family became arrogant with excessive ambition which led to decline of Tang dynasty. introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt.
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An Lushan
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Nomadic military leader in the later Tang dynasty Led a revolt to start a new dynasty
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Zhao Kuangyin
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Former military commander-turned-emperor Renamed Emperor Taizu Founded Song dynasty Overcame all but one rival, the Khitans, for empire expansion
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Liao dynasty
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Noble family from Manchuria Zhao failed to conquer their land khitan
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Khitans
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People from Liao Manchuria Zhao failed to conquer their land Forced Song rulers to sign treaty saying they will pay Liao dynasty big tribute in order to avoid invasion
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Sinified
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Influenced by Chinese culture Describes the Khitans
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Zhu Xi
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Chinese philosopher during the Song dynasty Taught that one should apply philosophical principles in everyday life
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neo-Confucians
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Revived Confucianism in the later Song dynasty Taught that personal morality is the highest goal and historical experience is the best guide in life their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences
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Tangat
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Tribes from Tibet Established Xi Xia kingdom
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Xi Xia
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Kingdom founded by the Tangat tribes Song paid tribute to them
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Wang Anshi
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Minister to Song emperor Began many reforms in order to prevent collapse of empire Reorganized exam system Argued that passing exams should require analytical thinking instead of just memorizing Chinese classics - greater state intervention in society
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Jurchens
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People who overthrew Liao dynasty Founded Qin kingdom annexed most of the yellow river basin, forcing Song to flee south.
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Jin kingdom
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Kingdom founded by the Jurchens Conquered northern Song lands, forcing residents to move to the southern end of the empire, after overthrowing the liao dynasty
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Southern Song dynasty
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Lasted from 1167-1279 Formed after Jurchens took over northern Song lands Considered most glorious reign in Chinese history and, according to Mr. Stearns, all of humankind
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Champa Rice
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introduction of new seeds such as this from Vietnam increased the yields of peasant holdings through more thorough soil preparation and weeding.
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Li Bo
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Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings.
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Flying Money
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the credit vouchers which they could then present for reimbursement at the appropriate office in the city of destination.
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Sui Dynasty
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dynasty that succeeded the han in china; emerged from strong rulers in northern china; united all of northern china and reconquered southern china
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junks
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Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bambook fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula, especially in the Song and Tang Dynasty's were the BEST ships in the world
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Tea
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a specialized crop; marketed to much of the empire; helped expand agrarian production
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Chan Buddhism
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known as Zen in japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite chinese society
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Bureau of Censors
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their chief task was to keep track of officials at all levels and report their misdeeds or failings
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Tang Taizong
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He reconquerored the northern and western land that China had since the decline of the Han Dynasty. He started the achievements of the Tang Dynasty.
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gunpowder (in Song China)
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could blow up enemy boats + arm their own junks
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foot binding
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Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household
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Qin Empire
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When Jin dynasty invades N. Song, they change their name to Qin and force S. Song southward
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Chen kingdom
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Kingdom to the south of Sui China that was conqured through the help of the later Zhou dynasty
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Taizu
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another name for Zhao Kuangyin
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Sinification
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extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions
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subprefecture
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The district level of the Chinese bureacracy, similar to an American county
