AP World History Chap. 6 – Flashcards
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vedas
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sacred texts in the Hindu religion, they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests
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Varna
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(Hinduism) the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups (which are subdivided into thousands of jatis)
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Jati
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(Hinduism) a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India
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karma
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(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation
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moksha
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The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths. (179)
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buddhism
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the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth
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atman
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the individual soul
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hinduism
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a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a
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mauryan empire
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The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes. (184)
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ashoka
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Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. (p. 184)
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mahabharata
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(Hinduism) a sacred epic Sanskrit poem of India dealing in many episodes with the struggle between two rival families
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bhagavad-gita
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The most important work of Indian sacred literature, a dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit.
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bhakti
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(Hinduism) loving devotion to a deity leading to salvation and Nirvana
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vishnu
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A Hindu god considered the preserver of the world
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tamil kingdoms
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The kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages, which developed in partial isolation, and somewhat differently, from the Aryan north. (185)
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gupta empire
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Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism
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malay people
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designation for people originating in south China and Southeast Asia who settled the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia and the Philipinnes
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funan
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An early complex society in Southeast Asia between the first and sixth centuries C.E. It was centered in the rich rice-growing region of southern Vietnam, and it controlled the passage of trade across the Malaysian isthmus. (p. 191)
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srivijaya
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A state based on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, between the seventh and eleventh centuries C.E. It amassed wealth and power by a combination of selective adaptation of Indian technologies and concepts, and control of trade routes. (192)
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Borobodur
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A massive stone monument on the Indonesian island of Java, erected by the Sailendra kings around 800 C.E. The winding ascent through ten levels, decorated with rich relief carving, is a Buddhist allegory for the progressive stages of enlightenment. (193)
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theater-state
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state that acquires prestige and power by developing attractive cultural forms and staging elaborate public ceremonies (as well as redistributing valuable resources) to attract and bind subjects to the center. (186)
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puja
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hindu devotional worship of deities at home or in a temple
