AP World History Chap. 4 – Flashcards
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Persepolis
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an ancient city that was the capital of the ancient Persian Empire, A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homelan (119)
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Zoroastrianism
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system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster, system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster
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Polis
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Greek city-state
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Hoplite
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Heavily armored Greek infantryman of the Archaic and Classical periods who fought in the close-packed phalanx formation. Hoplite armies-militias composed of middle- and upper-class citizens supplying their own equipment: Superior to all other forces 128
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Tyrant
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in ancient Greece, a ruler who had seized power without legal right to it, a ruler or person who has complete power and uses it in cruel or unjust ways
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Democracy
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a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
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Humanism
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the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
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Herodotus
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the ancient Greek known as the father of history
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Pericles
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Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece
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Greco-Persian Wars
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Two major Persian invasions of Greece, 490 and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea each time.
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Trieme
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ship sailed by Greeks and Persians, strong bronze bows used as battering rams
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Socrates
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philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method
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Plato
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ancient Athenian philosopher, Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society
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Peloponnesian War
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a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta
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Alexander
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King of Macedonia in northern Greece. Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. Later known as Alexander the Great. (p. 136)
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Hellenism
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The civilization that spread from Greece through much of the ancient world. Much of its influence such as philosophy, athletics and architecture penetrated the Middle East.
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Ptolemies
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Descendents of Macedonian officers under Alexander. Gov't largely took over the system created by Egyptian pharaohs to extract the wealth of the land, rewarding Greeks and Hellenized non-Greeks serving in the military and administration. (p. 138)
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Alexandria
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the chief port of Egypt, City in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great, center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization
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