AP World History Ch. 11 – Flashcards
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In an effort to alleviate social tensions this group was allowed to elect two and then later ten tribunes
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plebeians
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During times of crisis the Romans would appoint an official with absolute power known as a
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dictator
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The Roman policy toward conquered peoples was
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generous with the potential for citizenship
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The Roman policy of toleration and respect for conquered peoples was most similar to the
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Persians.
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In the early period of Roman expansion, the principle power in the western Mediterranean was the
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Carthaginians
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During the Punic Wars, the Romans first fought the Carthaginians over the most important source of grain in the western Mediterranean. Where was it?
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Sicily
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Rome's monumental struggle with the Carthaginians was known as the
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Punic Wars
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The turning point in Roman history was their struggle, in the Punic Wars, with the
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Carthaginians
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The testudo was
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a siege formation also known as the "tortoise."
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Latifundia were
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enormous plantations worked by slaves.
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The tribune whose call for land reform led to his assassination in 132 B.C.E. was
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Tiberius Gracchus
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Gaius Marius
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created an army of common men who were loyal only to him.
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The leader, supported by the Roman aristocrats, who led a slaughter of more than ten thousand of his political enemies was
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Lucius Cornelius Sulla
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In regard to political philosophy, Julius Caesar
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favored liberal policies and social reform
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After naming himself dictator in 46 B.C.E. Julius Caesar did all of the following except
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give land to the conservatives to win their favor.
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Octavian was able to restore order to the Roman world with his victory in 31 B.C.E. at
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Actium.
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Augustus was able to reunify the empire after defeating his main rivals, who were
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Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
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The last of the Ptolemaic rulers was
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Cleopatra
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The government established by Augustus Caesar
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was a monarchy disguised as a republic.
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The Roman conquest of Gaul, Germany, Britain, and Spain
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stimulated the development of the local economies and states.
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The period known as the pax romana was started by
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Augustus Caesar.
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The reign of Augustus inaugurated a period known as the
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pax romana
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The most important early Roman historian for the empire was
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Tacitus
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The Romans had a long tradition of written law stretching back to 450 B.C.E. and the creation of the
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Twelve Tables
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All of the following were foundations of Roman law with the exception of
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the right of a patrician to transfer out of a plebeian court
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When the Romans used the words mare nostrum they referred to
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the Mediterranean Sea
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The phrase pater familias refers to
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the patriarchal nature of the Roman family
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By the second century C.E., how much of the total population of the Roman Empire was represented by slaves?
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one-third
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In 73 B.C.E., Spartacus
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raised an army of seventy thousand rebellious slaves
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Zeus was to Jupiter as Ares was to
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Mars
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Vesta was the Roman goddess of
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hearth
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The Roman thinker Marcus Tullius Cicero was best associated with what Hellenistic school of thought?
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Stoicism
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The most prominent school of moral philosophy in Rome was
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Stoicism
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Mithras was
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a Zoroastrian sun god whose cult was popular in Rome.
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Which of the following religions was not popular during the Roman Empire?
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Islam
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From 66 to 70 C.E. the Romans fought a bloody war with the
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Jews
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The Essenes were
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a Jewish sect that looked for the appearance of a savior
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Jesus of Nazareth's followers called him "Christ," which meant
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"the anointed one."
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The phrase "the kingdom of God is at hand" is associated with
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Jesus of Nazareth.
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The leading figure in the expansion of Christianity beyond Judaism was
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Paul of Tarsus.
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