AP World Chapter 5 Margin Questions – Flashcards
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in what ways did Buddhism reflect Hindu traditions and in what ways did it challenge them?
answer
reflect: life=illusion, karma and rebirth, overcoming ego, meditation, hope for release from the cycle of rebirth challenge: rejecting Brahmins religious authority, no abstract speculation about God, inequalities of the caste system
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what is the difference between the Theravada and Mahayana expressions of Buddhism?
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Theravada: buddha=teacher, more psychological than religious, gods not important Mahayana: buddha=God, heavens and hells, religion of salvation
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what new emphases characterized Hinduism as it responded to the challenge of Buddhism?
answer
the masses found it more accessible than the elaborate sacrifices of the Brahmins of the philosophical speculations of intellectuals i.e., action in the world and the detached performance of caste duties might also provide a path to liberation
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what aspects of Zoroastrianism and Judaism subsequently found a place in Christianity and Islam?
answer
conflict of God and evil, the arrival of a savior, remaking of the world at the end of time, heaven and hell
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what was distinctive about the Jewish religious tradition?
answer
dualistic monotheism a powerful and jealous deity who demanded their exclusive loyalty
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what are the distinctive features of the Greek intellectual tradition?
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emphasis on argument, logic, and relentless questioning of received wisdom; its confidence in human wisdom; its enthusiasm for puzzling out the world without much reference to the gods
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how would you compare the lives and teachings of Jesus and the Buddha? in what different ways did the 2 religions evolve after the deaths of their founders?
answer
both are spiritual seekers Buddha: born into royalty, ignored the supernatural, message less threatening to the powerful, natural death, transformed into a god-like figure by his followers Jesus: lower class, monotheism, sharp sociopolitical edge, spoke more clearly on behalf of the oppressed, brief public life, crucified, eternal salvation
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in what ways was Christianity transformed in the 5 centuries following the death of Jesus?
answer
monotheism, antagonism to all other supernatural powers, Christians persecuted, used as a method of unity
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