question

In what export commodity have some third world nations been able to improve the terms under which they participate in the global economy, at least for periods of time?

answer

Oil

question

What European colonizer, other than Britain, was able to hold on to its colonies in Africa into the mid-1970s?

answer

Portugal

question

What were the homelands established by the government of South Africa?

answer

Areas for the main ethnic indigenous peoples

question

Which of the following methods was NOT used by the South African government to suppress dissent among the black population?

answer

Use of state programs to improve black townships

question

Perhaps more than any other third world nation, India has been successful at

answer

Preserving civil rights and democracy

question

Which of the following countries has NOT experienced a military takeover of its government?

answer

India

question

In which of the following ways was India similar to Egypt following decolonization?

answer

Emphasis on socialism and state intervention

question

Who was brought to power in 1979 in Iran through a radical revolution?

answer

Ayatollah Khomeini

question

One of the chief by-products of population growth in third world nations has been

answer

Mass migration to cities

question

Which of the following reasons was NOT a factor in explaining the frequency of military take over in third world nations?

answer

Military forces in third world nations received support from the Soviet bloc

question

Neocolonialism refers to

answer

the continued relegation of the third world to economic dependency after decolonization

question

One of the most common elements of African and Asian governments since decolonization is

answer

Military takeovers

question

Which of the following is NOT a drawback to accepting investment capital from first and second world nations?

answer

Excessively high rates of interest

question

The fragmentation of Pakistan resulted in the creation in 1972 of the independent nation of

answer

Bangladesh

question

What did third world cities lack that had made possible the absorption of a similar migrant influx in the West?

answer

Expanding industrial sectors

question

European colonizers contributed to African population growth by all of the following means EXCEPT

answer

by encouraging immigration of large numbers of whites

question

Why have ethnic rivalries and communal violence been endemic in decolonized African states?

answer

Europeans hastily colonized Africa with no regard to ethnic boundaries

question

Which of the following statements concerning population growth in the third world is most accurate?

answer

The rate of population growth of Asia is much higher than that of Africa

question

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the attitudes of African leaders with respect to altering unnatural boundaries created in the colonial era?

answer

African leaders seek to maintain boundaries for fear that adjustment could provide precedents for dissident minorities in their own states

question

By 1960, Mao lost his position as state chairman

answer

Because of the general and catastrophic failure of the Great Leap Forward

question

What Chinese leader established an autocratic government on Taiwan in 1948

answer

Chiang Kai-Shek

question

Who commanded the UN troops who participated in the Korean conflict on behalf of the Republic of Korea?

answer

Douglas MacArthur

question

By what way was the restoration of an independent Korea complicated?

answer

Korea was divided into zones controlled by the US and USSR

question

By what decade did the French manage to achieve control of all of Vietnam?

answer

1890s

question

Which of the following represents a significant difference between Japanese and Western women in the later 20th century?

answer

The Japanese feminist movement was confined to a small number of intellectuals

question

In what way was the early nationalist organization in Vietnam similar to other third world nations?

answer

It was composed of a Western-educated middle class

question

Which of the following statements is most accurate? (China)

answer

The army remained subordinate to the Communist party

question

Who was the political leader of the Soviet-dominated Korea?

answer

Kim Il-Sung

question

In what year did the conflict between North and South Korea come to a temporary conclusion with the signing of an armistice?

answer

1953

question

Unlike most third world countries, China responded to its population problem in the mid-1960s by

answer

limiting urban couples to two children and rural couples to one

question

Japan produced a distinctive economic culture after the 1950s that included all of the following features EXCEPT

answer

a strong tradition of independent unions

question

In the 1980s the Japanese government invested considerable money in teaching

answer

eating with chopsticks

question

The Vietnamese nationalists in 1954 decisively defeated the French at the battle of

answer

Dien Bien Phu

question

The Gang of Four were

answer

Jiang Qing and three allies who contested for power with the pragmatists on behalf of the aging Mao

question

In 1978 the US government

answer

severed its diplomatic ties with Taiwan and recognized the legitimacy of the communist government of mainland China

question

What party monopolized Japanese government into the 1990s

answer

Liberal Democratic

question

Which of the following statements concerning the development of Japanese culture in the postwar era is most accurate?

answer

Aside from interior decoration and film, Japanese contributions to world culture were negligible

question

What was the only weakness of the leadership of the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan in the 1980s?

answer

Corruption

question

During the 1980s, all of the following were typical of the Chinese government EXCEPT

answer

democratic reform

question

Which nation retained a large British naval base until 1971?

answer

Singapore

question

Mao's 1958 program of pushing industrialization through small-scale projects integrated into the peasant communes was called

answer

the Great Leap Forward

question

The Japanese political system after 1955

answer

revived many of the oligarchic features of early political tradition

question

Which of the following was NOT a feature of government involvement in Japanese industry?

answer

selecting the heads of the major corporations

question

The French intervened in the 18th century Vietnamese rebellion and supported

answer

Nguyen Anh

question

What Western label was applied to the close coordination of Japanese government and business for promotion of economic growth and export expansion?

answer

Japan, Incorporated

question

Taiwan's greatest trade partner was

answer

Japan

question

In what way was the Chinese Communist takeover of China different from the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia?

answer

China was already more industrialized than Russia

question

Who headed the American occupation government of Japan?

answer

Douglas MacArthur

question

Which of the following economic powers of the Pacific Rim remained a European colony long after WWII?

answer

Hong Kong

question

Which of the following pragmatists came to power following Mao's fall in 1960?

answer

Zhou Enlai

question

In what year did the American occupation of Japan come to an end?

answer

1952

question

The first leader of the US dominated Korea was

answer

Syngman Rhee

question

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the situation in Korea following the Korean War?

answer

Korea remained divided with both sides having authoritarian governments

question

Mao's last campaign, launched in 1965, was the

answer

Cultural Revolution

question

Prior to WWI, what was the primary difference between Egyptian and the Indian nationalist movements?

answer

In India a single political party dominated while there were several different parties in Egypt

question

Egypt is the one country in the Afro-Asian word in which

answer

the emergence of nationalism preceded European conquest and domination

question

In many Latin American countries, the traditional land owning oligarchy began to open up the political system in order to meet the demand of what group to share political power?

answer

middle class

question

Between 1914 and 1917, warfare on the Eastern front

answer

was as bloody as the Western front

question

Who were the Cristeros?

answer

Conservative peasants backed by the church who fought the rise of secularism

question

British occupation of Egypt meant double colonization, by the British and

answer

the Turks

question

The man who had been in charge of the Mexican government since 1876 at the time of the Mexican Revolution

answer

Porfirio Diaz

question

As a direct consequence of the war

answer

women's participation in the labor force increased greatly

question

The sea warfare during WWI consisted largely of

answer

German submarine warfare

question

Japan gained influence in China by seizing the concessionary areas of what European power during WWI?

answer

Germany

question

Which of the following statements concerning the position of the early Congress Party in India is most accurate?

answer

It was loyal to the British rulers and primarily concerned with interests of the Indian elite

question

The man who headed the study circle at the University of Beijing and who first gave serious attention to Marxist philosophy was

answer

Li Dazhao

question

On the Italian front, the primary combatants were Italy and

answer

Austria-Hungary

question

Which of the following statements concerning the economy of Europe during the Roaring 20s is NOT accurate?

answer

The US lagged behind Europe in industrial production and mass consumption

question

By 1917 the war on the Eastern front

answer

led to a major revolution in Russia

question

What was Lenin's solution to Russian participation in WWI?

answer

He negotiated a peace treaty with the Germans and surrendered huge amounts of land on Russia's western border

question

Which nation joined the Triple Entente alliance in the early 1900s?

answer

Britain

question

What nation profited most by warfare in Asia between 1914 and 1919?

answer

Japan

question

Germany's leaders counted on WHAT to help them overwhelm the Belgians and French?

answer

Their country's superb railway system

question

In what region of India was the terrorist movement most concentrated before WWI?

answer

Bengal

question

What made colonial regimes particularly vulnerable to challenges from within in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

answer

Colonial governments were built in collaboration with indigenous elite groups

question

Before their surrender, the German generals running the government

answer

installed a new civilian government to shoulder the blame of defeat

question

At the end of WWI, what nation emerged as the dominant foreign power in Latin America?

answer

The US

question

The British promised support for a Jewish settlement in the Middle East in the

answer

Balfour declaration

question

By 1936 the Japanese controlled what percentage of world trade?

answer

less than 4%

question

By 1915, conflict on the Western front

answer

had settled into a deadly stalemate in which hundreds of thousands of lives were expended for a few feet of trench

question

Open warfare began between the communists and Nationalist Party following

answer

the Nationalist slaughter of their former allies in Shanghai

question

In Germany under Hitler, government economic planning

answer

helped to restore production levels by emphasizing armament construction

question

Which of the following was included in the policy of "indigenism" that was incorporated into many of the post-revolutionary reforms in Mexico?

answer

The Mexican muralist movement

question

Which of the following statements concerning the global aspects of WWI is most accurate?

answer

American businessmen prior to 1917 profited by selling goods to both sides and by taking advantage of European distractions to seize new world markets

question

What impact did the Nationalist smashing of the workers' movement have on the development of the Communist Party in China?

answer

It allowed Mao's program of revolutionary activity among the peasants to come to the forefront

question

Approximately how many people died as a result of the carnage of WWI?

answer

10 million

question

The Mexican Revolution began in

answer

1910

question

What group within Egypt took up the cause of national independence and decolonization?

answer

Sons of the effendi

question

Which of the following was NOT a factor leading to the development of fascism in Germany?

answer

The division in Germany into zones of occupation by the victorious Allies in WWI

question

Which of the following countries did NOT experience a change in its political systems in which the land-owning oligarchies made room for middle classes?

answer

The division of Germany into zones of occupation by the victorious Allies in WWI

question

Who was the first Indian nationalist leader with a genuine mass following?

answer

Indira Gandhi

question

What was the region of Europe that produced the most diplomatic crises prior to WWI?

answer

The Balkans

question

The Chinese Nationalist Party received much of its early foreign assistance from

answer

Japan

question

Stalin's system of economic planning occurred under the

answer

five-year plans

question

Which of the following countries did NOT have colonies outside of Europe at the outbreak of the war?

answer

Austria-Hungary

question

In what year did the German forces on the Western front agree to end fighting?

answer

1918

question

What nationalist movement pioneered patterns of decolonization and European retreat?

answer

India

question

How did early Chinese Marxist philosophy differ from Lenin's?

answer

The study circle at the University of Beijing saw the peasants as the vanguard of revolution

question

In 1935, Italy invaded which country?

answer

Ethiopia

question

How did the Indian Congress Party and nationalist leaders respond to British participation in WWII?

answer

Congress opposed the war effort and its leaders were jailed, but the Muslim League rallied to the British cause

question

Of all the nationalist parties in India, the British were most closely allied with

answer

the Muslim League

question

Hitler came to power in Germany

answer

as a result of entirely legal and constitutional means

question

British victory in the Battle of Britain was due to all of the following EXCEPT

answer

the V2 rocket

question

The Nazi invasion of this country in 1939 put an end to the idea of appeasement

answer

Poland

question

Which of the following was NOT a result of the peace treaties signed following WWII

answer

German industrial power was destroyed

question

A Jewish homeland to be called Israel was established in 1948

answer

in Palestine

question

In what year did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, thus bringing the US into WWII?

answer

1941

question

Which of the following nations, created in the aftermath of WWI, lost its/their independence following WWII?

answer

Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia

question

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the fall of France to the Germans?

answer

The refusal of English troops to fight with the French

question

Failure of the British to deal with the leader of the largest nationalist party, Jomo Kenyatta, led to a violent and prolonged revolution in

answer

Kenya

question

What radical African leader helped to achieve independence in Ghana?

answer

Kwame Nkrumah

question

In order to avoid a two front war, Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with this country in 1939

answer

the Soviet Union

question

Japan's surrender in the Pacific was precipitated by

answer

the use of atomic weapons on the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima by the US

question

Approximately how many people were killed by the Nazis during the Holocaust?

answer

12 million

question

This city was the capital of the Nazis' puppet regime in France

answer

Vichy

question

World War II officially began in what year?

answer

1939

question

Which of the following nations achieved independence without violence?

answer

Philippines

question

This city became the capital of the Chinese Nationalists for much of WWII

answer

Chongqing

question

Universally recognized as the greatest naval battle in history, the Japanese fleet was effectively put out of commission at

answer

Midway

question

At this conference in 1942, the Nazi high command finalized plans for the destruction of the Jewish race

answer

Wannsee

question

FDR met with the other major Allies in 1945 at

answer

Yalta

question

What was the solution to the division in India between Muslims and Hindus in 1947?

answer

The British decided to divide India into two nations, a Muslim Pakistan and a secular, but Hindu dominated India

question

This institution was created as a result of WWII

answer

The UN

question

In 1940, the Dutch port of....was virtually leveled by the Germans, killing over 40,000 civilians

answer

Rotterdam

question

Which of the following countries was NOT a member of the Axis powers?

answer

the Soviet Union

question

After 1937, the government of Japan was dominated by

answer

a military regime dedicated to the ultra nationalist goals

question

The Tripartite Pact included Japan, Germany and

answer

Italy

question

This American general ordered mass aerial bombing of highly vulnerable Japanese cities

answer

Le May

question

Germany's war effort was based on the concept of

answer

blitzkrieg

question

All of the following groups were part of the Final Solution EXCEPT

answer

musicians

question

In what type of African colonies was the process of decolonization most violent?

answer

Those with large numbers of white settlers

question

A 1944 Allied landing in this country created a European front against the Germans

answer

France

question

This country chose a path of neutrality and cooperation with Japan in the Pacific theater of WWII

answer

Thailand

question

The balance of the war in Europe shifted in 1941 when Germany invaded

answer

the Soviet Union

question

Adolph Hitler was the political and ideological leader of the

answer

National Socialist Party

question

What document during WWII included a clause that recognized the "right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live?"

answer

The Atlantic Charter

question

Hitler promised the German people all of the following EXCEPT

answer

to rid Germany of the kulaks

question

In what nation were white settlers able to retain their position of supremacy?

answer

South Africa

question

Hitler's last-ditch effort to repel the Allied armies became known as

answer

the Battle of the Bulge

question

Which of the following countries was not a member of the Eastern Bloc?

answer

Turkey

question

Despite the loosening of Soviet control over Eastern Europe following Stalin's death, what aspects of Soviet domination continued to be enforced?

answer

Single party dominance and military alignment with the Soviet Union

question

Which of the following was NOT a right achieved by women in the West in the later 20th century?

answer

Payment equal to males for equal work

question

All of the following policies were followed by Soviet-sponsored regimes in eastern Europe EXCEPT

answer

the establishment of parliamentary democracies

question

The European Economic Community is a good example of

answer

cooperation between European nations and a willingness to create a single European economy

question

What crisis emerged in 1956 that demonstrated the diminished powers of European nations in world affairs?

answer

Britain and France attempted to forcibly halt Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal

question

Which of the following statements concerning Western culture during the later 20th century is most accurate?

answer

Western culture in the 20th century, both in art and in science, became largely relative rather than objective

question

Which of the following was NOT typical of the European economy after 1950?

answer

High levels of unemployment

question

Which of the following statements concerning the development of new governments in Europe after WWII is most accurate?

answer

New constitutions established uniformly effective parliaments

question

Which of the following statements concerning the German government after WWII is most accurate?

answer

During the Cold War, France, Britain, and the US merged their territories to form the Federal Republic of Germany

question

A program of loans that was designed to aid western European nations rebuild from WWII's devastation was the

answer

Marshall Plan

question

In what year did the French relinquish their colony in Vietnam?

answer

1954

question

What phrase did Churchill coin to describe the division between free and repressed societies after WWII?

answer

The iron curtain

question

US opposition to Soviet aggression in western Europe was predicated on

answer

a nuclear umbrella

question

Women in Russian industrialized society

answer

dominated some professions, such as medicine

question

What Russian leader significantly altered political, diplomatic, and economic policies in the Soviet Union after 1985?

answer

Mikhail Gorbachev

question

In protest against the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union, the US

answer

boycotted the 1980 Moscow Winter Olympics

question

The second Persian Gulf War in 2003 was started by the invasion of what country?

answer

Iraq

question

This man succeeded Yeltsin as leader of Russia

answer

Putin

question

In 1991, Yeltsin emerged as head of what major Soviet Republic?

answer

Russia

question

During the 1990s, which of the following Latin American countries was not adapting to democracy?

answer

Cuba

question

German reunification occurred in what year?

answer

1991

question

In which of the following nations did outright violence and revolution lead to the overthrow of an authoritarian communist leader?

answer

Romania

question

A growing opponent of the ideals of globalization has been

answer

terrorism

question

In 1988, Gorbachev encouraged a new parliament within his country called

answer

the Congress of People's Deputies

question

After the end of the Cold War, which of the following countries remained a superpower?

answer

the US

question

How long had the Cold War lasted before its context began to shift after 1985?

answer

30 years

question

The former Soviet Union gave way to the

answer

Russian commonwealth

question

Which of the following was NOT a factor leading to stagnation of industrial production in the Soviet Union?

answer

Shortage of raw resources and materials

question

Which of the following was NOT a concern within the former Soviet Union?

answer

Invasion by the West

question

The Persian Gulf War of 1991 was a response to the Iraqi invasion of

answer

Kuwait

question

This eastern European country installed a non-communist government in 1988

answer

Poland

question

The end of the Cold War was associated with what large trend in the world at the end of the 20th century?

answer

the spread of multiparty democracy

question

The most heavily populated country on the continent of Africa is

answer

Nigeria

question

A new strategic arms treaty called... was negotiated between the superpowers in 1979

answer

SALT II

question

What Russian leader significantly altered political, diplomatic, and economic policies in the Soviet Union after 1985?

answer

Mikhail Gorbachev

question

Spain, Portugal and ..... experienced democratic restructuring in the mid 70s

answer

Greece

question

Latvia, Estonia, and..... make up the Baltic States

answer

Lithuania

question

The common currency of the EU is called the

answer

euro

question

Which of the following is not a minority nationality religion of the former Yugoslavian nation?

answer

Muria

question

The term perestroika refers to

answer

economic restructuring and more leeway for private ownership

question

Which of the following was not a significant change in Chinese policy in the late 1970s?

answer

The decision to relax political controls

question

All of the following were reforms of Gorbachev EXCEPT

answer

the dividing of the Soviet Union into its original states

question

Which of the following factors did NOT play a role in the demise of communism?

answer

the steadfastness of Chinese policy

question

In this eastern European country, the Communist Party renamed itself Socialist in 1988

answer

Hungary

question

This eastern European country pushed for economic liberalization in 1987 but was held back by the Soviet central state

answer

Bulgaria

question

Northern Mexico embraced the American holiday of Halloween, displacing the traditional Catholic observance of

answer

All Saint's Day

question

NAFTA included the US, Canada

answer

and Mexico

question

Which of the following is NOT an issue raised against economic globalization?

answer

Its pace is too slow

question

On the whole, political institutions globalized at what rate compared to technology or business?

answer

Less rapidly

question

In the year 2000, what was the percentage of American households in which English was not the primary language?

answer

25%

question

This company is the most striking international cultural influence since the 1970s

answer

McDonalds

question

By the end of the last century, what percentage of humanity consumed 4/5 of all marketed goods and services?

answer

1/5

question

What religion spread rapidly through Latin America in the 1990s?

answer

Protestant fundamentalism

question

The German Volkswagon bug is now produced in what country?

answer

Mexico

question

Which of the following is NOT a new development regarding the globalization of the Earth?

answer

Advances in creating a prototype universal language

question

Which of the following is NOT a trend running counter to globalization?

answer

the Internet

question

The increased interconnectedness of all parts of the world is called

answer

globalization

question

Possibly the most important technological innovation regarding global communication would be

answer

the cellular phone

AP World Ch. 28-36 – Flashcards

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