question

Beginning February 4, 1899, this man led a Filipino insurrection against the US troops occupying the Philippines.

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(Emilio) Aguinaldo

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American troops used this method of torture to extract information from rebellious Filipinos.

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water cure

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The Americans used these institutions to round up and control the civilians of the Philippines to prevent them from aiding the rebels. This practice was ironically similar to that used by "Butcher" Weyler in Cuba, and which the US had condemned as immoral.

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reconcentration camps

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President McKinley's goal/policy intended to adapt the Philippines to American ways. This included schools to teach English, improvement of roads, sanitation, and public health, and establishing economic ties between the Philippines and the US. This endeavor was costly, profited Americans little, and was met with resistance from the Filipinos.

answer

benevolent assimilation

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This body was appointed by President McKinley to make appropriate recommendations for the government of the Philippines. It was headed by future president William H. Taft.

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Philippine Commission

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This enormous future president was appointed as the head of the Philippine Commission by McKinley. He weighed over 350 pounds and called the Filipinos his "little brown brothers."

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(William H.) Taft

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William H. Taft's belittling term of endearment for the Filipinos.

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little brown brothers

question

After China's defeat by Japan in 1894-1895, European powers began to carve out economic ________ __ _______.

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spheres of influence

question

This was the governing... administration/clan/dynasty (?) of China after the Russo-Japanese war, when the European powers began carving out spheres of influence.

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Manchu

question

Secretary of State who in the summer of 1899 dispatched the Open Door note. He was a poet-novelist-diplomat.

answer

(John) Hay

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This message was written by John Hay and sent to the major world powers operating spheres of influence in China. It urged them to announce that they would respect certain Chinese rights and the ideal of fair competition. Only Italy accepted it unconditionally, and Britain, German, France and Japan accepted on the terms that everyone else did. Russia politely refused, but Hay cleverly interpreted its answer as an acceptance.

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Open Door note

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The only European power who unconditionally accepted the Open Door note; it did not have a leasehold or sphere of influence in China.

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Italy

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This power politely refused the terms of the Open Door note pertaining to China, but John Hay cleverly interpreted this refusal as an acceptance.

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Russia

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This superpatriotic Chinese group broke loose in rebellion in 1900, crying "Kill Foreign Devils."

answer

Boxers

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In this uprising started by a superpatriotic Chinese group, over two hundred white missionaries and other people were murdered. Several foreign diplomats were also besieged in Beijing. 18,000 international troops descended and crushed the rebellion, including men from Japan, Russia, Britain, France, Germany, and the US. The allied invaders angrily assessed a Chinese indemnity of $333 million.

answer

Boxer Rebellion

question

Amount of dollars, in millions (Arabic numerals) that the Europeans assessed as China's indemnity due to the Boxer Rebellion.

answer

333

question

Amount of dollars, in millions (Arabic numerals) that China was assessed to pay to the US as an indemnity for the Boxer Rebellion. When the US evaluated this, it was too much, and lowered the cost to $18 million, thus promoting good will from Chinese officials, who set aside the extra money to send Chinese students to study in America.

answer

24.5

question

This company, beginning in 1906, aggressively recruited workers from the Philippines to serve as cheap agricultural laborers in Hawaii.

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Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association

question

The seat of Vice President was often seen as one of these, because it involved little political power, and most politicians didn't go anywhere after being VP.

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burying ground

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Democratic candidate in the election of 1900; he opposed McKinley, and his platform held that imperialism was the "paramount" issue in politics. He held the opinion that we had basically enslaved the residents of the Philippines.

answer

(William Jennings) Bryan

question

This was the "paramount" issue of the 1900 election, according to William Jennings Bryan, who ran against McKinley.

answer

imperialism

question

The "two P's" that were ultimately important to Americans in the election of 1900. Because McKinley upheld his promises for these from the previous election, he won.

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prosperity and protection

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McKinley and Roosevelt charged, in the 1900 election, that this, and not imperialism, was the "paramount" issue.

answer

Bryanism

question

Theodore Roosevelt graduated from this university with Phi Beta Kappa honors.

answer

Harvard

question

Term for Roosevelt's group of athletic, tennis-playing cronies who surrounded him.

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tennis cabinet

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Roosevelt said that if statesmen had this, they could work their will among foreign nations without shouting. If they lacked it, shouting would do no good.

answer

big stick

question

The Spanish-American War emphasized that it was necessary to build a canal across this stretch of land, so that warships didn't have to travel all the way around South America.

answer

Central American isthmus

question

US battleship, stationed on the Pacific Coast, which had to travel all the way around South America in 1898 to reach the rest of the fleet in Cuba.

answer

Oregon

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If the US battleship Oregon had not arrived at this battle, or if the Spanish fleet had been stronger, the Spanish-America War may have ended quite differently.

answer

Battle of Santiago

question

Treaty made between US and Britain in 1850 which did not give the US exclusive control over a Central American isthmian route.

answer

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

question

1901 treaty with Britain, granting the US free reign to build a Central American canal, and to fortify it.

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Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

question

Many American experts favored a canal route through this Central American country, but Bunau-Varilla went to great lengths to ensure that it was not chosen, including scaring US officials about the eruption of Mt. Pelée on nearby Martinique.

answer

Nicaragua

question

An old company that had failed in a canal effort in Panama, which was eager to capitalize on the US interest in canal-building. It was headed by the unscrupulous French engineer, Philippe Bunau-Varilla. It dropped the price of its holdings in Panama to entice the US to buy from it, and re-formed as the New Panama Canal Company.

answer

French Canal Company

question

Unscrupulous French engineer who headed they French/New Panama Canal Co. He capitalized on the eruption of Mount Pelée on Martinique in his efforts to convince the US to build in Panama. In June 1902, Congress finally agreed with his ideas. When Columbia blocked US efforts to build in Panama, he raised a "patriot" army, which the US supported.

answer

(Philippe) Bunau-Varilla

question

The name under which the French Canal Company re-formed, headed by Bunau-Varilla, making efforts to attract US interest in purchasing its land.

answer

New Panama Canal Company

question

This volcano erupted in May 1902 on the West Indian island of Martinique, wiping out 30,000 people. Bunau-Varilla used this to turn the US away from the Nicaraguan canal route. (Postage stamps!)

answer

Mount Pelée

question

The location of the Columbian government, whose senate refused the US offer of $10 million plus $250,000 per year for the Panamanian isthmus.

answer

Bogota

question

Treaty between Panamanian rebels and the US made 15 days after the revolt led by the head of the New Panama Canal Company. This same man signed this treaty with the US secretary of state, allowing the US to build on the Panamanian isthmus. The US paid the French company $40 million.

answer

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

question

This type of US foreign policy is associated with TR as well as Ronald Reagan. An example of it is America's forceful and unreasonable approach to the situation in Panama.

answer

cowboy diplomacy

question

Term referring to the veritable seizure of Panama by bullying US forces and "cowboy diplomacy."

answer

rape of Panama

question

Era of this US foreign policy launched by the "rape of Panama," characterized by "cowboy diplomacy" and characterization as the Colossus of the North.

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Big Brother policy

question

Roosevelt accused the Columbian "dagoes" of this when they refused to accept the US offer of $10 million for Panama, on the grounds that it was a precious resource and should be valued higher.

answer

blackmail

question

This colonel, an autocratic West Point engineer, perfected the organization of the Panama canal effort.

answer

(George Washington) Goethals

question

This colonel, who helped exterminate yellow fever in Havana, helped make the sanitation-troubled Canal Zone "as safe as a health resort."

answer

(William C.) Gorgas

question

This policy, a devious part of the Roosevelt Corollary of the Monroe Doctrine, was implemented after Germans attacked Venezuela in order to coerce them into paying debts.

answer

preventive intervention

question

Germany sank two gunboats on the coast of this country, and bombarded a town in order to encourage the payment of debts. This alarmed Americans and led to Roosevelt's policy of "preventive intervention."

answer

Venezuela

question

This addition to the Monroe Doctrine was "necessitated" by Germany's attack on Venezuela, and the imminent danger of European intervention in the debt-ridden "banana republics" in Latin America. To the European nations, it said "we shall intervene to prevent you from intervening."

answer

Roosevelt Corollary

question

The Roosevelt Corollary took full effect in 1905 when the US took over the management of tariff collections in this country, to the displeasure of officials who had profited off of graft. It was a success in terms of debt-collection.

answer

Dominican Republic

question

Roosevelt's rewriting of the Monroe doctrine brought about this policy of the US strong-arming nearby countries, making the Caribbean into a "Yankee lake."

answer

Bad Neighbor policy

question

The Russians provoked war with Japan in 1904 when they made moves to seize this region of China.

answer

Manchuria

question

This port in China's Manchuria was disputed between the Russians and Japanese in the Russo-Japanese war. The Russians, despite promises, had refused to withdraw after they took over in the Boxer Rebellion, and so the Japanese staged an attack here in 1904, and kicked Russian ass.

answer

Port Arthur

question

Roosevelt brought Russian and Japanese diplomats to New Hampshire in this meeting to resolve the Russo-Japanese war. This soured relations with both countries, as the Russians were mad they had been deprived a military victory, and Japan was mad that they were given no indemnity and only the southern half of the strategic island of Sakhalin.

answer

Portsmouth Conference

question

The Japanese coveted this strategic island, and were angry when they were only granted the southern half at the Portsmouth Conference.

answer

Sakhalin

question

Roosevelt arranged this international meeting in Spain in 1906 to mediate North African disputes. This, along with the Portsmouth conference, won him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906.

answer

Algeciras Conference

question

The effects of this war caused a large influx of Japanese laborers, families and all, to emigrate to the Pacific Coast of the US.

answer

Russo-Japanese War

question

Californians got worked up over this when many Japanese laborers poured into the state following the Russo-Japanese War. Roosevelt was worried that the trouble caused by this might be interpreted as fear of the Japanese.

answer

yellow peril

question

This occurred after the earthquake and fire of 1906 in San Francisco; fear of the "yellow peril" spurred the school districts to mandate that Japanese children should be put in separate schools. This brewed into an international crisis.

answer

Japanese school incident

question

Roosevelt invited this administrative body to meet with him in the White House to resolve the Japanese school incident in California.

answer

San Francisco Board of Education

question

A secret understanding mediated by Roosevelt and worked out during 1907-1908. Californians agreed to repeal their offensive school order if the Japanese government would stop the influx of immigrant laborers, which it did by withholding passports.

answer

Gentlemen's Agreement

question

The 16 naval vessels sent by Roosevelt on a world tour in 1907. They visited Latin America, Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, and finally Japan, where they were met with an overwhelming reception.

answer

Great White Fleet

question

Agreement between the US and the Japanese in 1908 spurred by the friendly reception of the Great White Fleet; the two countries solemnly pledged to respect each other's territorial possessions in the Pacific, and two uphold the Open Door policy in China.

answer

Root-Takahira agreement

question

These two places were US military outposts on the Philippines.

answer

Clarke Airfield, Subic Bay Naval Station

question

Term referring to the stereotype of the US as a bad guy, originating from the period of imperialism under Roosevelt's "cowboy diplomacy."

answer

ugly American

question

More recent president who was most similar to TR and his "cowboy diplomacy." Seen as the "true hero" of the Republican party, lived in his "Western White House."

answer

(Ronald) Reagan

question

Location of the Reagan Library in California.

answer

Simi Valley

question

Teddy Roosevelt was "________ _______" into the vice presidency, at the behest of New York political machine bosses who didn't want to deal with him.

answer

kicked upstairs

question

These bankrupt Latin American countries often had single-crop economies and depended on European loans.

answer

banana republics

question

American owned and operated company that controlled agricultural production in parts of Latin America; it had a big say in the government of the nations in which it operated, due to their one-crop economies.

answer

United Fruit Company

question

Dictator who ruled the Philippines in the late 1970's through '87; he was supported by the US because he was anti-communist.

answer

(Ferdinand) Marcos

question

Started a socialist insurrection against the Somoza regime in Nicaragua; the US supported the Contras (Iran-Contra Scandal).

answer

Sandinistas

question

The Sandinistas, a socialist group, rebelled against this regime in Nicaragua.

answer

Somoza

question

Dictator in Panama who was given US support until he went into the drug business, and the US took him out under George Bush Sr. He took refuge in the embassy of the Vatican until he surrendered.

answer

(Manuel) Noriega

question

Socialist elected president of Chile in the 1970's; wanted to nationalize the country's mines rather than have US companies suck Chilean resources; the Anaconda Copper Corp. took objection, and the US CIA helped rally a right-wing rebellion that ultimately assassinated this man.

answer

(Salvador) Allende

question

This US company controlled the copper mines in Chile, and grew angry when Salvador Allende wanted to nationalize the copper mines. The CIA helped spur a right-wing rebellion to overthrow Allende.

answer

Anaconda Copper Corporation

question

This Cuban regime was supported by the US until it was overthrown by Castro's communist regime.

answer

Batista

question

Established a communist regime in Cuba after overthrowing the US-supported Batista regime.

answer

(Fidel) Castro

question

Under this presidency, the US began to heal it's foreign policy image, leaning more toward a "Good Neighbor" policy. He was Christian, humanitarian, and turned over control of the Panama Canal to Panama.

answer

Carter

question

Leader of Venezuela, where oil is an important resource.

answer

(Hugo) Chavez

AP US History Ch. 31 – Flashcards

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