AP US History: American Pageant Chapter 3 Terms – Flashcards
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Calvin
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Religious Leader / Elaborated Luther's ideas in Institutes of the Christian Religion; God is All Powerful & All Knowing
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Calvinism
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Theology of John Calvin & his followers emphasizing Omnipotence of God and Salvation by Grace Alone
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Institutes of the Christian Religion
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Work by John Calvin that described to the world the ideology of Calvinism
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The Elect
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according to Calvin, those who are destined for eternal bliss
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Predestination
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Theory introduced by Calvin stating that some are chosen for heaven and some for hell before they are born
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Conversion
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Receipt of God's free gift of Saving Grace sought for by Calvinists
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Henry VIII
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King of England that broke his ties with the RCC and became head of the English Church
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Puritans
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Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice & organization
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Visible Saints
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Belief that only these should be admitted to church membership, but the Church of England enrolled all the king's subjects
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James I
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King of England, Head of State & Church, Threatened to Harass Separatists
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Separatists
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People who wanted to have a separate, or different church, from the Church of England, and left to solve this issue
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Non Conformists
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People who wanted to have a different church than the Church of England, but stayed to fight for their religion rather than leave like the Separatists
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Pilgrims
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Most famous group of Separatists who wanted to leave Holland because they feared "Dutchification" of their children; left on the Mayflower and settled on Plymouth Bay
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Mayflower
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the ship boarded by the Pilgrims to New England
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Myles Standish
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captain of the Mayflower who served later as an Indian fighter and negotiator
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Mayflower Compact
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simple agreement signed by 41 adult male Pilgrims to form a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority
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Plymouth Bay
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where the Pilgrims settled
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Thanksgiving
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the feast held by the Pilgrims to celebrate the bountiful harvest of 1621
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Succotash
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a dish served at the first Thanksgiving made of lima beans and corn
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Bradford
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Pilgrim leader; self-taught scholar; chosen governor thirty times in the annual elections
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William Laud
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Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in England; he tried to force the Scottish to use the English Book of Common Prayer; he was later executed by Parliament
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Massachusetts Bay Company
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formed by a group of non-separatist Puritans who feared for their faith and for England's future; secured a royal charter
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John Winthrop
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first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, helped Massachusetts prosper w/ fur, fishing, and ship building
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Freemen
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adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregations
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Franchise
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right or privilege granted by authority; right to vote
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Squanto
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Native American kidnapped by European explorer at a young age, comes back to American and finds Jamestown settlers; helped with relations between Indians and English
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Bible Commonwealth
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name for the Massachusetts Bay colony that refers to its tax supported churches and visible saints
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John Cotton
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Puritan educated at Cambridge; went to Massachusetts to avoid persecution for his criticism of the Church of England; devoted himself to defending the government's duty to enforce religious rules
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Protestant ethic
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Mid 1600s. A commitment made by the Puritans in which they seriously dwelled on working and pursuing worldy affairs
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sumptuary laws
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these regulated the dress of different classes forbidding people from wearing clothes of their social superiors, also known as Blue Laws
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Anne Hutchinson
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woman who claimed that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man; said she had received her ideas in a direct confrontation with God; banished from the colony
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Antinomianism
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idea that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man
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Roger Williams
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Salem minister who challenged the legality of the Bay Colony's charter, condemned for not compensating the Indians; denied civil authority to regulate religious behavior; built a Baptist church and complete religious freedom
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Baptist Church
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church established by Roger Williams
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Rhode Island
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colony with complete religious freedom, no compulsory worship attendance, no taxes to support church
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Thomas Hooker
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A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government
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Fundamental Orders
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in Connecticut; established a regime democratically controlled by the "substantial" citizens
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Massasoit
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chieftain of the Wampanoag Indians who signed a treaty w/ the Pilgrims
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Pequot War
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The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.
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King Philip
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son of Massasoit, also called Metacom; forged an alliance between Indian tribes and mounted attacks on English villages; was captured and beheaded
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King Philip's War
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a conflict between New England conlonists and Native American Groups allied under leadership Wampanoag chief Metacom
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New England Confederation
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consisting of the two Massachusetts and two Connecticut colonies; 1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies
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Dominion of New England
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Embraced all of New England, New York, and Jersey; aimed at bolstering colonial defense in the event of an Indian War; designed to promote efficiency in the administration of the English Navigation Laws
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Navigation Laws
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Promoted English shipping and control colonial trade; made Americans ship all non-British items to England before going to America
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Edmund Andros
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head of the dominion; open affiliation w/ Church of England; ruthlessly cubed town meetings, the press, and schools; strove to enforce Navigation Laws; forced to flee
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Glorious Revolution
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People of old England dethroned James II and enthroned William and Mary; caused Dominion of New England collapsed
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Henry Hudson
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Hired by the Dutch East India co., ventured into Delaware/NY Bay; filed a Dutch claim to a wooded/watered area
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Dutch West India Company
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Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa
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New Netherland
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A colony founded by the Dutch in the New World. It became New York; quick profit fur trade
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Peter Stuyvesant
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governor of New Netherland; leader of Dutch military expedition against Swedish; forced to surrender
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Quakers
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religious group that refused to support the Church of England w/ taxes; had simple meetinghouses; believed they were all children in the sight of God; pacifists; established themselves in Pennsylvania
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William Penn
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A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution
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Middle Colonies
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New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania; fertile soil; many rivers; fur trade and lumber industry; also known as "Bread" Colonies
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Town Hall Democracy
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eligible citizens who attend meetings act as the legislative body
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Separation of Church and State
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idea that the government and religion should be separate, and not interfere in each other's affairs
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Self Sufficient Farming
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farmers that produced all of the necessary food/sustenance themselves, would go into town about once a year to buy things they could not produce such as iron tools
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Planter Aristocracy
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Wealthy Plantation Owners with many slaves stood at the head of society determining the political, economical, and social aspects of society; they were the face of the south
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Patroonship
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Vast Dutch Feudal Estates fronting the Hudson River in early 1600s. Granted to Promoters who agreed to settle 50 people on them. Made NY more Aristocratic than neighboring colonies
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Doctrine of a Calling
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Puritan belief that they are Responsible to do God's Work on Earth
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covenant
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(Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return
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Protestant Reformation
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Religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
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Great Puritan Migration
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Mass flight by religious dissidents from the persecutions of Archbishop Laud and Charles I
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General Court
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Puritan representative assembly elected by the freemen; they assisted the governor; this was the early form of Puritan democracy in the 1600's
