Question 1

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

Accepted Answer

behaviorism

Question 2

By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists\' renewed interest in

Accepted Answer

mental processes

Question 3

How did the definition of psychology change when behaviorism began to dominate the field?

Accepted Answer

psychology centered on direct observation of our actions

Question 4

Consciousness is

Accepted Answer

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 5

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

Accepted Answer

in response to decreasing light the hypothalamus\' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep

Question 6

Circadian rhythm refers to

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a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

Question 7

The impact of circadian rhythms is best illustrated by

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fluctuations in energy levels and alertness across the span of a day

Question 8

Alpha waves are associated with

Accepted Answer

relaxed but awake state

Question 9

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

Accepted Answer

hallucinations

Question 10

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called

Accepted Answer

sleep spindles

Question 11

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

Accepted Answer

stage 1

Question 12

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night\'s sleep?

Accepted Answer

as sleep progresses, stage 3 and stage 4 sleep diminish while REM sleep increases

Question 13

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

Accepted Answer

delta waves

Question 14

At 3 o\'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 15

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 16

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

Accepted Answer

our nervous system is highly active, whie our voluntary muscles hardly move

Question 17

Forty-year old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

Accepted Answer

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep

Question 18

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

Accepted Answer

90 minutes

Question 19

Research on sleep patterns indicated that

Accepted Answer

sleep patterns may be genetically influenced

Question 20

Which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?

Accepted Answer

people in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer

Question 21

Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women were most heavily influenced by

Accepted Answer

a good night\'s sleep

Question 22

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

Accepted Answer

obesity

Question 23

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasable susceptible to

Accepted Answer

viral infections

Question 24

Traffic accident rates have been found to __ after the spring change to daylight savings times and to ___ after the fall change back to standard time

Accepted Answer

increase; decrease

Question 25

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60 year olds

Accepted Answer

spend less time in deep sleep

Question 26

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in

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physical growth

Question 27

Slow-wave sleep promotes

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effective memory

Question 28

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

insomnia

Question 29

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

Accepted Answer

the cessation of breathing during sleep

Question 30

Nightmares are to ___ as night terrors are to ___

Accepted Answer

REM sleep; stage 4 sleep

Question 31

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears Bobby suffers from

Accepted Answer

night terrors

Question 32

Which of the following is usually true of night terrors?

Accepted Answer

they typically occur during stage 4 sleep

Question 33

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ___ content

Accepted Answer

manifest

Question 34

After suffering a trauma, people commonly report an increase in

Accepted Answer

threatening dreams

Question 35

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to

Accepted Answer

its underlying but censored meaning

Question 36

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef\'s unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ___ content of Josef\'s dream

Accepted Answer

latent

Question 37

Brain regions that are active as rats learn to navigate a maze show similar activity patterns again as the rats later experience

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 38

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation

Accepted Answer

activation-synthesis theory

Question 39

The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the ___ during REM sleep

Accepted Answer

limbic system

Question 40

Prior to age 9, children\'s dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflect children\'s

Accepted Answer

cognitive development

Question 41

REM rebound involves the

Accepted Answer

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Question 42

The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that

Accepted Answer

most mammals experience REM rebound

Question 43

Hypnosis involves a state of

Accepted Answer

heightened openness to suggestion

Question 44

Twenty-two-year-old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have

Accepted Answer

a rich fantasy life

Question 45

Hypnotically age-regressed people

Accepted Answer

act as they believe children would, but outperform real children

Question 46

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

Accepted Answer

often a combination of fact and fiction

Question 47

Researchers have demonstrated that hypnosis can be useful in

Accepted Answer

treating obesity

Question 48

While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of

Accepted Answer

posthypnotic suggestion

Question 49

Research has indicated that hypnosis

Accepted Answer

enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia

Question 50

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

Accepted Answer

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects

Question 51

Hypnotized participants asked to lower their arm into an ice bath exhibited no pain when given that suggestion. Psychologists supporting the social influence theory would suggest that

Accepted Answer

the participant was caught up in playing the role of a \"good hypnotic subject\" and ignored the pain

Question 52

Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because

Accepted Answer

hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation from the emotional suffering that people expect from pain

Question 53

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves

Accepted Answer

dissociation

Question 54

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ___ drugs

Accepted Answer

psychoactive

Question 55

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

Accepted Answer

tolerance

Question 56

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

Accepted Answer

withdrawal

Question 57

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of

Accepted Answer

physical dependence

Question 58

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates

Accepted Answer

psychological dependence

Question 59

Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of

Accepted Answer

addiction

Question 60

What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex or gambling as addictions?

Accepted Answer

it can be used as an \"all-purpose\" excuse to explain away the behaviors

Question 61

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

Accepted Answer

many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help

Question 62

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

Accepted Answer

feel powerless to overcome addiction

Question 63

Which of the following is true of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

in large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant

Question 64

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

Accepted Answer

depressants

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