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Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?

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Social Psychology

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The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people ______ one another.

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Think about influence, and relate to

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Attribution theory was designed to account for

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How people explain others' behavior

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Fritz Heider concluded that people tend to attribute other's behavior either to their

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Dispositions or their situations

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Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the actions provide an example of

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A dispositional attribution

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An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by

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Assigned Roles

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In order to analyze how people explain others' behavior, Heider developed

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Attribution Theory

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The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation, and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is

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The fundamental attribution error

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Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for the purposes of the experiment concluded that her behavior

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Reflected her personal disposition

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A dispositional attribution is to ______ as a situational attribution is to ______

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Personality Traits; Assigned Roles

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Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude

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"Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble"

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How does our explanation of strangers' behavior differ from that our of our behavior?

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We explain strangers' behavior in terms of personality traits, and our own behavior in terms of situational constraints

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A tendency to overestimate to which a strangers' violent behavior stems from his or her aggressive personality best illustrates

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The fundamental attribution error

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Recognizing the powerful impact of social influence on others' behavior is most likely to mimimize

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The fundamental attribution error

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People are especially likely to demonstrate the fundamental attribution error in cultures that value

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Individualism

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In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we most often resort to

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Situational Attribution

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Fundamental attribution error is most likely to lead observers to conclude that unemployed people

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Are irresponsible and unmotivated

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Carol is restless during class since her teacher has weird facial expressions.

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Fundamental attribution error

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Attitudes are ______ that guide behavior

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Belief-Based Feelings

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Politicians who publicly oppose tax.

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Actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes

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Magazine computer ads seldom feature endorsements.

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The central route to persuasion

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Our attitudes are more likely to guide our actions when we can

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Can easily recall our attitudes

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The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by the

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Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

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The Foot-In-The-Door refers to?

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Comply with a large request if one has previously complied

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When a salesperson visits your home.

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The Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

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After they had first agreed to display a 3in. "Be A Safe Driver!" sign, Cali...

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The Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

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The tendency for initial compliance with a small request

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The-Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

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In order to brainwash soldiers during war...

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The Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

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After giving in to her friend's request to drink alcohol...

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The Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

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Pool players 71% shots alone; 80% shots with audience.

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Social Facilitation

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Presence of others lead to improved performance.

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Counting back from 10 to 1

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Winding a fishing reel faster with someone else doing it as well.

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Social Facilitation

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Presence of others doesn't lead to social facilitation

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Arousal encourages performance if most likely response

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Presence of others affect performance?

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Improves performance on easy task; hinders on difficult task

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Least likely to lead to better performance with an audience?

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Solving Crossword Puzzle

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Drivers take 15% less time to drive 100yds after green light when another car is next to them.

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Social Facilitation

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Exert less effort when pooling toward a common goal.

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Social Loafing

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Pulling harder on a rope when you think you are pulling alone, rather than others pulling with you.

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Social Loafing

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Social loafing has the tendency to

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Exert less effort when pooling towards a common goal

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Subjects clap louder when thought to be alone.

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Social Loafing

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Everyone in a group will receive the same grade. This best illustrates

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Social Loafing

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Social loafing is least likely to lead

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Factory workers who are each paid on the basis of number of bicycles each assembles individually

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Social loafing is noticeable among

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Men in individualistic cultures

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After a game where the home team loses by one point, fans throw bottles and tear up the field. This best illustrates

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Deindividuation

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Normal law-abiding observers vandalize and loot when they join a mob.

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Deindividuation

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Masked bandits are more likely to injure victims than unmasked bandits.

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Deindividuation

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Deindividuation refers to

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Loss of self-awareness or self-restraint

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Women in KKK hoods demonstrate aggression.

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Deindividuation

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Group polarization

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Enhancement of groups prevailing attitudes through discussion

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Professors think that obtaining university degrees are easier than it used to be. After discussing, they are more convinced.

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Group Polarization

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Providing prospective terrorists with chat rooms serves as a medicine for

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Group Polarization

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After a discussion, Nora may think Ms. Alkey is a better teacher than she thought.

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Group Polarization

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Conservatism is greater in fraternities and sororities than those not; gap will widen.

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Group Polarization

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The desire for harmony in a group.

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Groupthink

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NASA executive who decides to launch shielded from dissenting views.

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Groupthink

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Bad decision of JFK and his advisers to invade Cuba.

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Groupthink

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Which one is most likely to be made a leader?

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"We have been united on matters in the past and hope that continues"

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Groupthink can be prevented by a leader who

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Invites outside experts to critique a group's developing plans

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Only juror in favor of acquittal; influenced by

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Self-Confident and Consistent

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Minorities influential when

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Unswervingly hold position

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Unjust attitude

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Prejudice

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Belief that all women from California are attractive

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Stereotypes

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Refusing to hire because of skin color.

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Discrimination

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Gender relations

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Fathers are more intelligent

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Unconsciously prejudice

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Implicit attitude

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Activates amygdala

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Implicit attitude

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A life insurance salesperson who takes advantage of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon would be most likely to

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Ask customers to respond to a brief survey of their attitudes regarding life insurance

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Vanna is tempted to shoplift a golden necklace, even though she has negative feelings about shoplifting. Vanna is least likely to steal the merchandise if

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She is highly aware of her negative feelings about shoplifting

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After she was promoted to a high-level position in a large company, Jovana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of ______ on attitudes.

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Role-Playing

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Studies of role-playing most directly highlight effects of

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Actions on attitudes

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Zimbardo devised a simulated person and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners. This experiment best illustrates the impact of

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Role-playing on attitudes

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The discomfort we feel wen two though are inconsistent is

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Cognitive Dissonance

question

Which theory best explains why our actions lead us to modify attitudes

answer

Cognitive Dissonance

question

Fernando's changing attitude...

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Cognitive Dissonance

question

Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likley to contribute to

answer

Cognitive Dissonance

question

Abe impulsively copies other students' work and knows it is wrong. Which theory does this best describe?

answer

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

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Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understnading

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Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

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The experience of empathy is most directly facilitated by

answer

Chameleon Effect

question

If one student begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates

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Chameleon Effect

question

Text indicates clusters of teenage suicides that occasionally occur in some communities may be the result of

answer

Suggestibility

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Text indicates clusters of teenage suicides that sometimes follow a highly publicized suicide may be the result of

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Suggestibility

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Solomon Asch asked people to identify of which three comparison lines was identical to a standard line. Research was designed to study

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Conformity

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Asch reported individuals conform to a groups' judgement of the lengths of lines

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Even when the group was clearly incorrect

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Conformity is best described as

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Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard

question

Professor Jones is a member of the faculty committee, and personally disagrees with them but votes in favor of their plan anyways IF:

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The other committee members are unanimous in their opinion

question

Normative social influence results from people's desire to

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Gain social approval

question

Kentaro hates ties...

answer

Normative Social Influence

question

Luella publicly agrees with her 7th grade classmates...

answer

Normative Social Influence

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Raul rarely exercises...

answer

Informational Social Influence

question

When the task of identifying an individual in a 4-person lineup is difficult and unimportant.

answer

Informational Social Influence

question

Conformity resulting from a person's desire to gain approval and avoid disapproval responses to:

answer

Normative Social Influence

AP Psychology Chapter 16 – Social Psychology – Flashcards

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