question

Motivation is best understood as a state that:

answer

energizes and directs behavior

question

Which of the following is a difference between a drive and a need?

answer

needs are physiological states; drives are psychological states

question

One problem with the idea of motivation as drive reduction is that:

answer

because some motivated behaviors do not seem to be based on physiological needs, they cannot be explained in terms of drive reduction

question

Some scientific evidence makes a preliminary link between homosexuality and:

answer

atypical prenatal hormones

question

Increases in insulin will:

answer

lower blood sugar and trigger hunger

question

Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus will cause an animal to:

answer

begin eating

question

The text suggests that a neophobia for unfamiliar tastes:

answer

protected our ancestors from potentially toxic substances

question

I am a protein produced by fat cells and monitored by the hypothalamus. When in abundance, I cause the brain to increase metabolism. What am I?

answer

leptin

question

Instinct theory and drive-reduction theory both emphasize__________factors in motivation.

answer

biological

question

The correct order of the stages of Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle is:

answer

excitement; plateau; orgasm; resolution

question

Few human behaviors are rigidly patterned enough to qualify as:

answer

instincts

question

Which of the following is not true regarding sexual orientation?

answer

men's sexual orientation is potentially more fluid and changeable than women's

question

In his study of men on a semistarvation diet, Keys found that:

answer

the subjects became obsessed with food

question

When asked what makes life meaningful, most people first mention:

answer

satisfying relationships

question

Bulimia nervosa involves:

answer

binging and purging

question

Castration of male rats results in:

answer

reduced testosterone and sexual interest

question

Which of the following has been found to be most effective in treating sexual disorders?

answer

behavior therapy

question

It has been said that the body's major sex organ is the brain. With regard to sex education:

answer

people's attitudes, values, and morals cannot be separated from the biological aspects of sexuality

question

Kinsey's studies of sexual behavior showed that:

answer

sexual behavior is enormously varied

question

To increase employee productivity, industrial-organizational psychologists advise managers to:

answer

deal with employees according to their individual motives

question

hormone secreted more by females than by males

answer

estrogen

question

the body's tendency to maintain a balanced internal state

answer

homeostasis

question

environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

answer

incentive

question

a person's attraction to members of a particular sex

answer

sexual orientation

question

examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity

answer

organizational psychology

question

focuses on employee selection and replacement

answer

personnel psychology

question

an aroused state arising from some physiological need

answer

drive

question

a state of deprivation

answer

need

question

the body's weight-maintenance setting

answer

set point

question

hormone secreted by an empty stomach

answer

ghrelin

question

hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus

answer

orexin

question

One research study found that having an e-mail go unanswered, and other forms of ostracism, elicit increased activity in the brain's:

answer

anterior cingulate cortex

question

Homeostasis refers to:

answer

the tendency to maintain a steady internal state

question

Which of the following was not identified as a contributing factor in the interviewer illusion?

answer

the tendency of most interviewers to rely on unstructured rather than structured interviews

question

Of the following parts of the world, teen intercourse rates are highest in:

answer

western europe

question

Although the cause of eating disorders is still unknown, proposed explanations focus on all the following except:

answer

metabolic factors

question

The brain area that when stimulated suppresses eating is the:

answer

ventromedial hypothalamus

question

Exposure of a fetus to the hormones typical of females between______and_______months after conception may predispose the developing human to become attracted to males.

answer

2; 5

question

Which of the following statements concerning homosexuality is true?

answer

research indicates that sexual orientation may be at least partly physiological

question

Women in____rate their body ideals closet to their actual shape.

answer

countries such as India, where thinness is not idealized

question

According to Maslow's theory:

answer

the most basic motives are based on physiological needs, needs are satisfied in a specific order, and the highest motives relate to self-actualization

question

Which of the following is inconsistent with the drive-reduction theory of motivation?

answer

monkeys will work puzzles even if not given a food reward

question

Which of the following is true concerning eating disorders?

answer

genetic factors may influence susceptibility, cultural pressures for thinness strongly influence teenage girls, and family background is a significant factor

question

Sexual orientation refers to:

answer

a person's enduring sexual attraction toward members of a particular gender

question

Which of the following is not an aspect of Murray's definition of achievement motivation?

answer

the desire to gain approval

question

Hunger and sexual motivation are alike in that both are influenced by:

answer

internal physiological factors, external and imagined stimuli, and cultural expectations

question

According to Masters and Johnson, the sexual response of males is most likely to differ from that of females during:

answer

the resolution phase

question

In animals, destruction of the lateral hypothalamus results in______, whereas destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus results in______.

answer

loss of hunger; overeating

question

Because Alethea is very friendly and likeable, her supervisor gives her a positive rating on her overall job performance. By generalizing from these specific traits to a biased overall evaluation, Alethea's supervisor has committed a:

answer

halo error

question

Beginning with the most basic needs, which of the following represents the correct sequence of needs in the hierarchy described by Maslow?

answer

physiological; safety; belongingness and love; esteem; self-fulfillment

question

While viewing erotica, men and women differ in the activity levels of which brain area?

answer

amygdala

question

Dr. Iverson conducts research on how management styles influence worker motivation. He would most accurately be described as a(n):

answer

organizational psychologist

question

Rosa has been described as a "leader with a lot of charisma." An organizational psychologist would say that this means she:

answer

has a clear vision of leadership goals, is able to communicate her goals clearly and simply, and is able to inspire others

question

Mary loves hang-gliding. It would be most difficult to explain Mary's behavior according to:

answer

drive-reduction theory

question

For two weeks, Orlando has been on a hunger strike in order to protest his country's involvement in what he percieves as an immoral war. Orlando's willingness to starve himself in order to make a political statement conflicts with the theory of motivation advanced by:

answer

maslow

question

Kathy has been undergoing treatment for bulimia. There is an above-average probability that one or more members of Kathy's family:

answer

have a history of childhood obesity

question

Which of the following was not identified as a contributing factor in the high rate of unprotected sex among adolescents?

answer

thrill-seeking

question

One shortcoming of the instinct theory of motivation is that it:

answer

does not explain human behaviors; it simply names them

question

Which of the following is not typical of both anorexia and bulimia?

answer

weight significantly and noticeably outside normal ranges

question

Which of the following is not an example of homeostasis?

answer

feeling hungry at the sight of an appetizing food

question

Two rats have escaped from their cages in the neurophysiology lab. The technician needs your help in returning them to their proper cages. One rat is grossly overweight; the other is severely underweight. You confidently state that the overweight rat goes in the "____-destruction" cage, while the underweight rat goes in the "____-destruction" cage.

answer

ventromedial hypothalamus; lateral hypothalamus

question

Which of the following individuals would be characterized as experiencing flow?

answer

Montel, who often becomes so immersed in his writing that he loses all sense of self and time

question

Ali's parents have tried hard to minimize their son's exposure to sweet, fattening foods. If Ali has the occasion to taste sweet foods in the future, which of the following is likely?

answer

he will display a preference for sweet tastes

question

Summarizing his presentation on the orgins of homosexuality, Dennis explains that the "fraternal birth-order effect" refers to the fact that:

answer

men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to be gay

question

Summarizing her report on the need to belong, Rolanda states that:

answer

"because bonding with others increased our ancestors' success at reproduction and survival, it became part of our biological nature"

question

Of the following individuals, who might be most prone to developing an eating disorder?

answer

Jennifer, a teenage girl who has a poor self-image and a fear of not being able to live up to her parents' high standards

question

Lucille has been sticking to a strict diet but can't seem to lose weight. What is the most likely explanation for her difficulty?

answer

her prediet weight was near her body's set point

question

Randy, who has been under a lot of stress lately, has intense cravings for sugary junk foods, which tend to make him feel more relaxed. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for his craving?

answer

carbohydrates boost levels of serotonin, which has a calming effect

question

Which of the following teens is most likely to delay the initiation of sex?

answer

Ron, who regularly volunteers his time in community service

question

In order to predict future excellence in a young scholar, athlete, or artist, one would best examine the individual's:

answer

preparation and daily discipline

question

For as long as she has been the plant manager, Juanita has welcomed input from employees and has delegated authority. Bill manages his department, with a more authoritarian, iron-fisted approach. Juanita's style is one of_____leadership, whereas Bill's is one of _____leadership.

answer

social; task

question

In Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, living up to one's potential and striving for personal fufillment are referred to as:

answer

self-actualization needs

question

Which of the following is most likely to characterize the behavior of students who have high achievement motivation and are intrinsically motivated to play a musical instrument?

answer

if permitted to choose their own pieces of music, they will select moderately difficult pieces that they can master if they practice conscientiously

question

An individual experiencing a low blood-glucose level would be best advised to do which of the following?

answer

eat a snack

question

Drive reduction as a motivational concept is best exemplified by which of the following?

answer

the injection of heroin by an addict to avoid withdrawal symptoms

question

In an attempt to lose some of the weight she has gained from binge eating, Melissa tries to compensate by using laxatives and exercising until she is exhausted. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

answer

bulimia nervosa

AP Psychology, Chapter 12 study guide questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards