AP Psychology – Flashcards
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The specialist most likely to have a medical degree
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psychiatrist
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Which perspective focses on different styles of parenting are encouraged in different communities
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social cultural
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What is it called when people exaggerate their ability to of forseen the outcome of past events
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hindsight bias
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Our tendency to believew wek know more than we do illustrates what?
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overconfidence
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What type of psychology does his research (basic research on relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning)
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biological
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What type of research is involved with designing a camera with buttons that are easy to reach and see
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applied research
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Person measures relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on behavior. What's the person's approach?
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biopsychosocial
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A questioning attitude is one of the elements of what?
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critical thinking
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What is a testable prediction?
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hypothesis
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What is replication?`
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repeating earlier research
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The extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body is called what?
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axon
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The speed a neural impulse travels is increased when axon is encased in a what?
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myelin sheath
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The branching extension of a neuron
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dendrite
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Brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron
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action potential
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The axon of a resting neuron has gates that don't allow positive sodium ions to pass through the cell membrane
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selectively permeable
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What is the master gland of the endocrine system
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pituitary gland
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What is surgical destruction of brain tissue called?
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lesion
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What part of brainstem coordinates movement and lies above the medulla
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pons
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What is the proper name for "little brain"
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cerebellum
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If a person has difficulty playing guitar after an accident, what part of his brain has he damaged?
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cerebellum
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When looking at a bird we consciously are aware it's a bird but we're also subconsciously processing that it's a bird
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dual processing
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Study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and personality is called what?
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behavior genetics
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Threadlike structures that contain genes are called what?
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chromosomes
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A complete set of genetic material in an organism's chromosome is located in the what?
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genome
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Compared with women, men are ________ likely to sacrifice to gain sex and __________ likely to perceive warm responses as a sexual come-on
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more; more
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Who established the first psychological laboratory
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Wilhelm Wundt
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The big question of psychology
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nature vs. nurture
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Who's most likely to ignore mental processes and define psychology as the "science of observable behavior"
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John Watson
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Who was the first woman to receive a PhD in psychology?
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Margaret Washburn
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Who was the founder of American functionalism
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William James
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If clinical psychologist studies a patient's life situations, social-cultural and educational history, what method is he using?
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case study
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Importance that people are more likely to support "aid to the needy" than "welfare"
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wording effect
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Psychologists that watch chimpanzee behavior in jungles is what?
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naturalistic observation
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What measures direction and strength of relationship between 2 variables
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correlation
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What is best illustrated by healing power of positive expectations
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placebo effect
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Reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron
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reuptake
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When the release of ACH is blocked, the result is what?
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paralysis
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An accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed hearbeat as the ___________ nervous system is to the ___________ nervous system
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sympathetic; parasympathetic
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Ovaries in females and testes in males are part of what system?
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endocrine system
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Which part of the limbic system plays a role in processing of new memories
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pituitary gland
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Which neural system in limbic system plays a role in emotions such as aggression and fear?
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amygdala
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The Phineas Gage case gave evidence that what part of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior?
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frontal lobe
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Someone with difficulty speaking after a stroke struggles with
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aphasia
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If a blind person uses one finger to read, the area in the brain dedicated to that finger will expand. This is an example of what?
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brain plasticity
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How do scientists and nonscientists feel about idea of evolution?
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Scientists believe it happened and nonscientists believe that it didn't
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Women are more likely to be sexually attracted to men who possess what qualities?
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mature and rich
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Molecular behavior geneticists seek links between specific disorders and what?
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genes
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What are the trait differences among individuals which are attributable to genetic variations is called?
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heritability
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A complex molecule that can identify one individual is called what?
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DNA
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While brain receives info about lines, angles and edges of objects, higher level cells process and interpret the info to consciously recognize objects
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perception
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Process of receiving and repeating stimulus energies by nervous system is called what?
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sensation
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Person who can't recognize their own face in mirror has deficiency in what kind of processing?
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top-down processing
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Failure to consciously perceive own nose in line of vision illustrates what?
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selective attention
