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The first psychological laboratory was established by

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Wilhelm Wundt

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Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.?

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Margaret Washburn

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The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on

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unconscious conflicts

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A student who has a strong background in statistics, and who does not want to work as closely with patients, would be an ideal candidate to become a

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psychometric psychologist

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Dr. Winkle conducts basic research on the systematic changes in intelligence associated with aging. It is most likely that Dr. Winkle is a

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developmental psychologist

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The inheritance of behavioral characteristics was emphasized by

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Charles Darwin

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The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a

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psychiatrist

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Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of

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healthy growth potential

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Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior?

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John B. Watson

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Which area of psychology might be best suited to investigate the following research question: what happens in our brain when we forget details about stressful life events and how does this process affect behavior?

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cognitive neuroscience

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The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how

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people encode, process, store, and retrieve information

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What are the four main parts of thinking/cognitive psychology?

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encode, process, store, retrieve

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Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of

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nature versus nurture

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Wilhelm Wundt's early experiments ere attempts to investigate which area of psychology?

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the simplest mental processes

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Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result form his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a

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psychodynamic perspective

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Clinical psychologist specialize in

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providing therapy to troubled people

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Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of the mind?

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Edward Titchener

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In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of

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mental processes

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Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a blank slate?

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John Locke

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Dr. MacPherson believes that the way students organize and think about the information in their textbooks will strongly influence their ability to later remember and use what they have studied. His ideas most directly exemplify the

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cognitive perspective

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Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences?

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cognitive

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Dr. Wilcox conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people. Dr. Wilcox is most likely a

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personality psychologist

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Dr. Karima conducts basic research on the relative effectiveness of massed practice and spaced practice on a person's ability to remember information. Dr. Karima is most likely a

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cognitive psychologist

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The psychologist most likely to help an attorney make selections of jury members is a

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forensic psychologist

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Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding

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nature versus nurture

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Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?

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biological

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The self-reflective observation of one's own sensations and feelings is called

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introspection

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Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of

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behavior and mental processes

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Who would be most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior?

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Sigmund Freud

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Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the

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adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions

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Dr. Ochoa develops tests to accurately identify the most qualified job applicants in large manufacturing firm. Which psychologist specialty does his work best represent?

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industrial-organizational psychology

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When a professional golfer continued to struggle with her swing, she consulted Dr. Ozak, who helped her learn new strategies to help improve her performance. She is a

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sports psychologist

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Dr. Kozack has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of small African country can be attributed to strong fundamentalist religious influences in that region. This belief best illustrates a

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social cultural perspective

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Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

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Mary Calkins

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Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?

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biopsychosocial

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Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?

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clinical psychology

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In Wilhelm Wundt's experiments, participants were asked to press a key as soon as they were consciously aware of perceiving a sound. By asking participants to examine and report their conscious experiences, Wundt was making use of which of the following?

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introspection

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A concern with the reasoning processes that contribute to effective problem solving is most characteristic of the

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cognitive perspective

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William James was a prominent American

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funcionalist

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The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by

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William James

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Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?

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behavioral

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What is the technique of introspection?

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training participants to carefully report elements of specific sensory experiences

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What does introspection focus on?

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The relationship between our behaviors and our inner experiences, but not the control of our behaviors.

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What is the psychoanalytic theory?

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Unconscious anxieties and desires control our behavior

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What does the psychoanalytic theory deal with?

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the unconscious aspects of the mind

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What is behaviorism?

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Our behaviors are controlled by our past conditioning

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According to behaviorists, what predicts our behavior?

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Past learning, not cognition

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What is humanistic psychology?

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Humans strive to overcome obstacles in their path and negative behaviors will improve given proper environmental conditions and the supportive reactions of those around them.

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What is the cognitive revolution?

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It emphasized that how we remember a process information influences our behaviors.

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What to cognitive psychologists agree with?

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Our brain is the primary influence on behavior

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What is the social cultural perspective?

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Social-cultural researchers focus on the powerful ways in which culture influences and predicts our behaviors, including the study of how psychological principles either affect all humans universally regardless of culture or how the principles affect people differently in different cultures.

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What does a behaviorist focus on? WHEN TREATING

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Something that happened in the past that would influence current behavior.

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What does a biological psychologist focus on? WHEN TREATING

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Influences of brain chemistry or genetics, such as fight or flight responses.

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What does a cognitive psychologist focus on? WHEN TREATING

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How somebody interprets information

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What does a social-cultural psychologist focus on?

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Then norms and cultural rules of a certain place or environment

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What is behavior?

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Anything an organism does that we can observe

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What is a mental process?

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The internal subjective experiences we infer from behavior, sensations, perceptions, emotions, dreams, thoughts, and beliefs

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What did Wundt do?

answer

Opened first psych lab in Germany Sought to measure atoms of the mind in ball hitting a platform experiment INTROSPECTION: looking into yourself

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Who was Titchner?

answer

a student of Wundt who created strucutralism. Structuralism is the analysis of the part of the experience

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What is functionalism and who developed it?

answer

William James: How behavioral processes funtion and how they enable an organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

question

CLOCK: S V F

answer

DETAILS ON CLOCK (HAND, MINUTES,ETC.)-S TIME-F

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G Stanley Hall

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First PhD in psych first psych lab in US at JHU first president of APA, founded that

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Mary Calkins

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student of William James first female APA president refused her PhD

question

Margaret Washburn

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second female APA prez first PhD as female from Cornell

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Pavlov

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Dogs, classic conditioning

question

What is psychoanalysis and who invented it?

answer

Sigmund Freud: how behavior and our problems are a result of unresolved childhood conflicts the unconscious and subconscious is of immense importance form of treatment for abnormal behavior//free association

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ID // SUPEREGO // EGO

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DEVIL // ANGEL // REALITY

question

What is biopsychology?

answer

Influence of the brain and neurochemicals on behavior and thought?

question

What is the humanistic school and who founded it?

answer

Carl Rogers Maslow's Hierarchy of needs TOP TO BOTTOM Self actualization Esteem Love/belonging Safety Physiological (basic)

question

What is evolutionary psychology?

answer

Those inherited trait variations contributing to survival will most likely be passed onto succeeding generations CHARLES DARWIN NATURAL SELECTION

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Gestalt psychology

answer

We see something that isn't actually there instead of analyzing the elements of consciousness you Must study the individual elements of the entire experience together which creates something new and different

question

Positive psychology

answer

emphasis on happiness and optimism writing down three things that go right

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