Question 1

The process of getting information out of memory is called

Accepted Answer

retrieval

Question 2

Which of the following is the best definition of the modern memory model \"connectionism?\"

Accepted Answer

the view that memory emerges from interconnected neural networks

Question 3

Some information in our fleeting __________ is encoded into short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

sensory memory

Question 4

Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

short-term

Question 5

The integration of new incoming information with the knowledge retrieved from long-term memory involves the activity of

Accepted Answer

working memory

Question 6

How does the brains capacity for parallel processing relate to encoding new memories?

Accepted Answer

parallel processing allows many sensory experiences to be encoded all at once, some automatically, some with effort

Question 7

During the course of the day, people may unconsciously encode the sequence of the days events. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

automatic processing

Question 8

You are most likely to automatically encode information about

Accepted Answer

the sequence of your days events

Question 9

Priming is to retrieval as rehearsal is to

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encoding

Question 10

When first introduced to someone, Marcel effectively remembers the persons name by repeating it to himself several times. Marcel makes use of a strategy called

Accepted Answer

rehearsal

Question 11

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes everyday for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as

Accepted Answer

spacing effect

Question 12

Which of the following is the best example of the testing effect?

Accepted Answer

repeated quizzing of the information increases the chances that it will be recalled

Question 13

On the telephone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items...

Accepted Answer

in the middle of the list

Question 14

The tendency to immediately recall the first in last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the

Accepted Answer

serial position

Question 15

Proactive and retroactive interference contribute most strongly to the

Accepted Answer

serial position effect

Question 16

Shortly after hearing a list of items, people tend to recall the last items in the list especially quickly and accurately. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

a recency effect

Question 17

The statement, \"The haystack was important because the cloth ripped,\" becomes easier to understand and recall when you are given the following prompt: \"A parachutist.\" This best illustrates the influence of

Accepted Answer

semantic encoding

Question 18

Most people miscall the sentence, \"The angry rioter threw the rock at the window\" was \"The angry rioter threw the rock through the window.\" This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

semantic encoding

Question 19

Which of the following questions about the word depressed would best prepare you to correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen the word on todays test?

Accepted Answer

how well does the word describe you?

Question 20

Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as __________ is to __________.

Accepted Answer

meaning, imagery

Question 21

One reason adults typically recall little of their first three years of life is that during infancy they were unable to verbally label most of their experiences. This best illustrates that the formation of long-term memories often requires

Accepted Answer

semantic encoding

Question 22

Superior memory for rap lyrics that include the most rhymes best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

acoustic encoding

Question 23

Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively rememberer seeing specific word after they decide whether that word fits into an incomplete sentence. This research highlighted the effectiveness of

Accepted Answer

semantic encoding

Question 24

When people are asked to recall a list of words they had earlier memorized, they often substitute synonyms for some of the words on the original list. This best illustrates the effects of

Accepted Answer

semantic encoding

Question 25

A mnemonic device is

Accepted Answer

memory aid

Question 26

Mnemonic devices such as the peg-word system make effective use of

Accepted Answer

visual imagery

Question 27

The organization of information into meaningful units is called

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chunking

Question 28

Using the mnemonic ROY G BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow in the order of wavelength illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

an acronym

Question 29

The address for obtaining tickets to a polar quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

iconic

Question 30

Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

sensory

Question 31

When Sterling visually displayed three rows of three letters each for only one-twentith of a second, research participants

Accepted Answer

had a momentary photographic memory of all 9 letters

Question 32

While your Mom is lecturing you about cleaning your room, you lose concentration. Then, suddenly you hear the significant words, \"no car keys.\" when she asks, \"are you listening to me?\" you are able to repeat the last few things she said before mentioning car keys. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Words stored in echoic memory will last for 3 to 4 seconds, so you can still recall her words

Question 33

Peterson and Peterson demonstrated that unrehearsed short term memories for three consonants almost completely decay short a time as

Accepted Answer

12 seconds

Question 34

After being asked to remember three consonants, participants in study by Peterson and Peterson counted aloud backward by threes to prevent

Accepted Answer

rehearsal

Question 35

Short-term memory is slightly better

Accepted Answer

for auditory information than for visual information

Question 36

Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity?

Accepted Answer

long-term memory

Question 37

The quest for a physical basis of memory involves a search for an

Accepted Answer

memory trace

Question 38

Research suggests that a memory traces is most likely to involve

Accepted Answer

synaptic changes

Question 39

Research by Kandel and Schwartz on sea slugs indicates that memory formation is associated with the

Accepted Answer

release of certain neurotransmitters

Question 40

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as

Accepted Answer

long-term potentiation

Question 41

Long-term potentiation refers to

Accepted Answer

an increase in a neuron\'s firing potential

Question 42

Sea slugs, mice, and fruit flies have displayed enhanced memories following enhanced production of protein

Accepted Answer

CREB

Question 43

Passing an electric current through brain during electroconvulsive therapy is most likely to disrupt __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

short-term

Question 44

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called

Accepted Answer

flashbulb memories

Question 45

Most Americans still have accurate flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. The best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by

Accepted Answer

Bodys release of stress hormones

Question 46

After having a stroke, Aaron has great difficultly recalling any of his subsequent life experiences. He is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Amnesia

Question 47

The ability to learn something without any conscious memory of having learned it suggests the need to distinguish between

Accepted Answer

explicit memory and implicit memory

Question 48

Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure __________; matching concepts with their definitions measures __________

Accepted Answer

recall;recognition

Question 49

Group 1 is asked to write down the names of the 7 dwarfs. Group 2 is asked to look at a list of possible names of the dwarfs and circle the correct 7. Why might group 2 recall more names?

Accepted Answer

group 2\'s list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition task easier for them

Question 50

Retrieval cues are most likely to facilitate a process known as

Accepted Answer

priming

Question 51

Shortly after you see a missing-child poster you are more likely to interpret an ambitious adult-child interaction as a possible kidnapping. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

priming

Question 52

Walking into your bedroom you think, \"I need to get my backpack in the kitchen.\" When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, \"Backpack!\" This sudden recall is best explained by

Accepted Answer

context effects

Question 53

After his last drinking spree, Fakim had hid a half empty liquor bottle. He couldn\'t remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakims pattern of recall best illustartes

Accepted Answer

state-dependency memory

Question 54

The association of sadness with memories of negative life events contributes to

Accepted Answer

mood-congruent memory

Question 55

Whenever he feels sexually jealous, David is flooded with painful recollections of the rare occasions which he had observed his girlfriend flirting with other men. David\'s experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

mood-congruent memory

Question 56

In describing what he calls the seven sins of memory, Daniel Schacter suggests that encoding failure results from the sin of

Accepted Answer

absent-mindedness

Question 57

The inability to recall which numbers on a telephone dial are not accompanied by letters is most likely do to

Accepted Answer

encoding failure

Question 58

In describing what he calls the seven sings of memory, Daniel Schacter suggests that storage decay contributes to

Accepted Answer

transience

Question 59

To prevent encoding failure you should

Accepted Answer

engage in effortful processing

Question 60

Using nonsense syllables to study memory, Hermann Ebbinghaus found that

Accepted Answer

the most rapid memory loss for new information occurs shortly after it is learned

Question 61

The title of a song is on the top of Gerard\'s tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter\'s name. Gerard\'s initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by

Accepted Answer

retrieval failure

Question 62

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called

Accepted Answer

proactive interference

Question 63

After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of

Accepted Answer

retroactive interference

Question 64

Two people learned nonsense syllables and then tried to recall them after up to eight hours had elapsed. John Jenkins and Karl Dallenbach observed that forgetting occurred least rapidly when individuals spent time

Accepted Answer

sleeping

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