Question 1

An individual\'s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her

Accepted Answer

Personality

Question 2

Prior to his use of free association, Freud had encouraged patients to retrieve their forgotten memories by means of

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis

Question 3

According to Freud, the unconscious is

Accepted Answer

The thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are largely unaware

Question 4

Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be

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Preconscious

Question 5

According to Freud, thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are

Accepted Answer

Repressed

Question 6

Ego is to id ad ____ is to ___

Accepted Answer

Reality principle; pleasure principle

Question 7

According to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the

Accepted Answer

Superego

Question 8

Freud suggested that pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones as we progress through various

Accepted Answer

Psychosexual stages

Question 9

Which theory would most likely predict that boys raised without a father figure will have difficulty developing a strongly masculine gender identity

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud\'s psychoanalytic theory

Question 10

One night after he heard his parents arguing, 4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by a large snake. A psychoanallyst would most likely suspect that Wei\'s dream reflects an

Accepted Answer

Oedipus complex

Question 11

Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as

Accepted Answer

Fixation

Question 12

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the

Accepted Answer

Ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized

Question 13

Coping with anxiety by retreating to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier, more infantile stage of development is called

Accepted Answer

Regression

Question 14

Children who release unexpressed anger toward their parents by kicking the family pet illustrate the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Displacement

Question 15

The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 16

Which defense mechanism involves the conscious expression of feelings that are the opposite of unconscious feelings

Accepted Answer

Reaction formation

Question 17

Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as

Accepted Answer

Denial

Question 18

Which of the following is the best definition of the defense mechanism sublimation

Accepted Answer

The transformation of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motivations

Question 19

Karen Horney emphasized that childhood anxiety is caused by

Accepted Answer

A sense of helplessness

Question 20

Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from

Accepted Answer

Feelings of inferiority

Question 21

Dr. Jordan believes in the importance of the unconscious and in the personality structures of the id, ego, and superego. She doubts sexual conflict shapes personality and focuses on the role of social interaction in personality development. Dr. Jordan is most likely a

Accepted Answer

Neo-Freudian

Question 22

Who would be most interested in the fact that many cultures share stories containing a \"hero\" character, such as King Arthur of Great Britain, Quetzicoatl of the Aztecs, and Hercules of the Ancient Greeks

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung

Question 23

Tests that present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics are called ____ tests

Accepted Answer

Projective

Question 24

Contemporary psychologists are least likely to agree with Freud\'s belief that

Accepted Answer

Conscience and gender identity form during the process of resolving the Oedipus complex

Question 25

People who break speed limits tend to think that many others do the same. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

The false consensus effect

Question 26

Which theory proposes the adherence to one\'s worldview is used to defend against a deeply rooted fear of death

Accepted Answer

Terror-management theory

Question 27

Abraham Maslow suggested that those who fulfill their potential have satisfied the need for

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization

Question 28

Carl Rogers believed that in order to be a fully-functioning individual, you must

Accepted Answer

Receive unconditional positive regard

Question 29

Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience

Accepted Answer

A negative self-concept

Question 30

A consistent tendency to be shy is described as a

Accepted Answer

Trait

Question 31

Trait theorists are more concerned with ____ personality than with ____ it

Accepted Answer

Describing; explaining

Question 32

Which instrument has been used for career counseling and work-team development to help identify individuals\' personality types

Accepted Answer

The MBTI

Question 33

People who take personality inventories can lie to create a good impression. This illustrates that the objectivity in scoring personality inventories does not guarantee that they

Accepted Answer

Have validity

Question 34

Which of the following is true of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Accepted Answer

It is an empirically derived test

Question 35

Which of the following statements would appear on a lie scale

Accepted Answer

\"I have never disliked anyone.\"

Question 36

Being sociable and fun-loving is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of

Accepted Answer

Extraversion

Question 37

People are especially likely to demonstrate an increase in ____ during their twenties

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness

Question 38

The person-situation controversy involves a debate regarding the influence of ___ and ____ on behavior

Accepted Answer

Environments; traits

Question 39

Unlike country, pop, and religious music lovers, those who prefer classical, jazz, blues, and folk music tend to score high on the Big Five trait dimension known as

Accepted Answer

Openness

Question 40

Because she is often rejected by her parents, Sally mistrusts other people and treats them with hostility, which leads to their rejection of her. This cycle of rejection, mistrust, hostility, and further rejection illustrates what is meant by

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal determinism

Question 41

Students who perceive that their low test scores are due to their own lack of ability illustrate

Accepted Answer

A pessimistic attributional style

Question 42

Which of the following personality assessments would likely be used by social-cognitive psychologists

Accepted Answer

Observing and evaluating a student teacher\'s performance

Question 43

When John McKay nervously began teaching his first class, he overestimated the extent to which his students would notice that he was anxious. His reaction illustrates

Accepted Answer

The spotlight effect

Question 44

The tendency to accept more personal responsibility for one\'s successes than for one\'s failures best illustrate

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias

Question 45

A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

Social harmony

Question 46

American students are more likely than Japanese students to describe themselves in terms of their

Accepted Answer

Personal traits

Question 47

Which is a definition of discrimination that most directly applies to perception

Accepted Answer

Recognizing an object as distinct from its surroundings

Question 48

Which is a definition of discrimination that applies to classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

Learning to respond differently to similar stimuli

Question 49

Keisha was able to roll over at two months, crawl at five months, and walk at ten months. This sequence of development is likely due to

Accepted Answer

Maturation

Question 50

A researcher dabs color on a 16 month old child\'s face and places the child in front of a mirror. Which of the following developmental milestones has been reached if the child realizes that there is something wrong with its face

Accepted Answer

Recognition of self

Question 51

Which structure of the brain has been linked with the regulation of hunger and thirst

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 52

Which term is used in hunger and weight-control research to denote the concept that each person has a body-fat level that remains fixed and resistant to change

Accepted Answer

Set point

Question 53

Material that an individual cannot remember but is on the \"tip of the tongue\" is

Accepted Answer

Available, but not accessible

Question 54

Remembering how to roller skate involves which kinds of memory

Accepted Answer

Procedural

Question 55

A study to test a hypothesis finds that with a bitter drink, performance is best 6 hours after drinking it, whereas with a sweet drink, performance is better 1 hour after drinking it. Which are the independent variables

Accepted Answer

Flavor of drink and time of consumption

Question 56

A study to test a hypothesis finds that with a bitter drink, performance is best 6 hours after drinking it, whereas with a sweet drink, performance is better 1 hour after drinking it. Which is the dependent variable

Accepted Answer

Participants\' test scores (performance)

Question 57

Learning that certain events occur together is called

Accepted Answer

Associative learning

Question 58

After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident, Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bike. Gina\'s pattern of fear illustrates

Accepted Answer

Discrimination

Question 59

Which is an example of biofeedback

Accepted Answer

Milos learns to relax by being provided with information on changes in his heart rate

Question 60

Which perspective is concerned with how the physical properties of the brain influence behaviors and mental states

Accepted Answer

Biological

Question 61

Professor Smith told one class that alcohol consumption has been found to increase sexual desire. He informed another class that alcohol consumption has been found to reduce sexual appetite. The fact neither class was surprised by the information they received illustrates the power of

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias

Question 62

In an experiment designed to study the effectiveness of a new drug, research participants who receive a placebo are participating in the ____ condition

Accepted Answer

Control

Question 63

A researcher who gathers and analyzes data from student essay test responses without talking with the students about the study violates which ethical principle of human experimentation

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Question 64

The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin producing neurons is closely associated with the long-term use of

Accepted Answer

Ectasy

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