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psychotherapy

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An interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties or wants to achieve personal growth.

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biomedical therapy

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The use of prescribed medications or medical procedures that act on a patient's physiology to treat psychological disorders.

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eclectic approach

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an approach in which therapists are not locked into one form of psychotherapy, but draw on whatever combination seems best suited to a client's problems

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psychoanalysis

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the therapy developed by Sigmund Freud that attempts to give clients self-insight by bringing into awareness and interpreting previously repressed feelings

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resistance

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the psychoanalytic term for the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden memories - hesitation during free association may reflect this

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interpretation

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the psychoanalytic term for the analyst's helping the patient to understand resistances and other aspects of behavior, so that the patient may gain deeper insights

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transference

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the psychoanalytic term for a patient's redirecting to the analyst emotions from other relationships

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psychodynamic therapy

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derived from the psychoanalytic tradition and seeks to enhance patients' self-insight into their symptoms by focusing on childhood experiences and important relationships in addition to unconscious forces

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insight therapies

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these, such as psychodynamic and humanistic therapies, aim to increase the person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

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client-centered therapy

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a humanistic non-directive therapy developed by Carl Rogers, in which growth and self-awareness are facilitated in an environment that offers genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

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active listening

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a non-directive technique of Rogers' client-centered therapy, in which the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification of, but does not interpret, clients' remarks

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unconditional positive regard

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the accepting, nonjudgmental attitude that is the basis of client-centered therapy

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behavior therapy

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therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

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counterconditioning

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a category of behavior therapy in which new responses are classically conditioned to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors

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exposure therapies

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these treat anxiety by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to things they normally fear or avoid Ex) systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy

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systematic desensitization

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a type of exposure therapy in which a state of relaxation is classically conditioned to a hierarchy of gradually increasing anxiety-provoking stimuli

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virtual reality exposure therapy

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progressively exposes people to electronic stimulations of feared situations to treat their anxiety

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aversive conditioning

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a form of counterconditioning in which an unpleasant state is associated with an unwanted behavior

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token economy

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an operant conditioning procedure in which desirable behaviors are promoted in people by rewarding them with tokens, or positive reinforcers, which can be exchanged for privileges or treats and for the most part are used in hospitals, schools, and other institutional settings

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cognitive therapy

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this form of therapy focuses on teaching people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting - based on the idea that our feelings and responses to events are strongly influenced by our thinking

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rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

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a confrontational cognitive therapy that challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

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cognitive-behavioral therapy

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an integrative therapy that focuses on challenging self-defeating thinking (cognitive therapy) and unwanted behaviors (behavior therapy)

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group therapy

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therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals

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family therapy

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views problem behavior as influenced by, or directed at, other members of the individual's family and therefore focuses on relationships and problems among the various members of the family

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regression toward the mean

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the tendency for extreme or unusual events (or emotions) to return toward their average state

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meta-analysis

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a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

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evidence-based practice

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clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

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therapeutic alliance

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the bond of trust that develops between a therapist and client working together to overcome the client's problem

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psychopharmacology

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the study of the effects of drugs on mind

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antipsychotic drugs

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these are used to treat schizophrenia and other severe thought disorders

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antianxiety drugs

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these help control anxiety and agitation by depressing activity in the central nervous system

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antidepressant drugs

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these treat depression and some anxiety disorders by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters

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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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a biomedical therapy often used to treat severe depression, a brief electric shock is passed through the brain of an anesthetized patient

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repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

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the delivery of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to stimulate or suppress brain activity

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psychosurgery

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a biomedical therapy that attempts to change behavior by removing or destroying brain tissue and not frequently used since drug therapy became available

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lobotomy

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a form of psychosurgery once used to control violent patients in which the nerves linking the emotion centers of the brain to the frontal lobes are severed

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resilience

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a person's ability to cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

AP Psych Chapter 16 Therapy Vocab – Flashcards

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