question

Adversarial

answer

Involving conflict or opposition.

question

Civic competence

answer

A belief that one can affect government policies.

question

Civic duty

answer

A belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs

question

Class consciousness

answer

Awareness of one's own social status and that of others

question

Equal opportunity

answer

The policy of treating employees and others without discrimination.

question

Orthodox

answer

Religious and traditional.

question

Political culture

answer

An overall set of values widely shared within a society.

question

Political efficacy

answer

The belief that one's political participation makes a difference.

question

Political ideology

answer

A coherent and consistent set of beliefs about who should rule and how.

question

Political tolerance

answer

An individual's willingness to extend rights and liberties to people with whom they disagree.

question

Progressive

answer

A person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties.

question

Work Ethic (Protestant)

answer

A belief in the importance of hard work and personal achievement.

question

Alexis de Tocqueville

answer

French observer who noted the influence of Democracy in a variety of contexts.

question

True or false? The U.S. democratic republic has been tried without great success by many other countries.

answer

True.

question

What does political ideology deal with?

answer

What the government should do.

question

What does political culture deal with?

answer

How government should operate.

question

What are liberty and individualism two key elements of?

answer

U.S. political culture.

question

What are the basic elements of the U.S. political culture?

answer

Liberty, democracy, individualism, and civic duty.

question

What was Swedish sociologist Gunnar Myrdal referring to when he spoke of "America's dilemma"?

answer

Race relations.

question

True or false? Most Americans believe that everyone has the right to get ahead (equality of opportunity).

answer

True.

question

True or false? Americans are most likely to tolerate economic as opposed to political inequality.

answer

True.

question

Social policy in the United States is dominated by a common belief among Americans in the what?

answer

Ethic of self-reliance.

question

True or false? Americans are most willing to help the elderly.

answer

True.

question

Data in the text suggests that the average American is more likely than the average European to do what?

answer

Believe in God.

question

Which religious group advocated constitutional amendments that would require prayer in public schools and ban abortion?

answer

Moral majority.

question

Which group attracted an enormous amount of media attention and became a prominent force in many national, state, and local elections during the 1990s?

answer

Christian coalition.

question

The adversarial, contentious spirit of the U.S. society is related most closely to American's belief in what?

answer

Individual rights.

question

Early competition between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans ended by establishing which principle?

answer

Democracy could survive a change of ruling parties.

question

Religious diversity in the United States was largely the result of the absence of what?

answer

Established religion.

question

The notion that individuals should work hard, save their money, and avoid dependence on the state is sometimes referred to as the what?

answer

Protestant work ethic.

question

What is the most important source of political values in the United States?

answer

The family.

question

Tales of youngsters who started out poor but became rich by dint of determination and hard work were associated with which author's writings?

answer

Horatio Alger.

question

What do Americans have a comparatively low degree of?

answer

Class consciousness.

question

What is the culture war about?

answer

What kind of country we ought to live in.

question

What is the orthodox view in the culture war?

answer

Morality is more important than self-expression and is based on unchanging rules from God.

question

What is one of the ways in which the culture war differs from other political disputes?

answer

It is exclusively about what kinds of policies the government ought to adopt.

question

What does the text define the two primary opposing camps in the American "culture war" as?

answer

The orthodox and the progressive.

question

In a typical survey, the lowest percentage of Americans will say they have a lot of confidence in our what?

answer

Military.

question

What do people believe in if they have a sense of political efficacy?

answer

That they have a say in what the government does.

question

What is one's own confidence in one's ability to understand and take part in politics referred to as?

answer

Internal efficacy.

question

What is one's own belief about the responsiveness of the government referred to as?

answer

External efficacy.

question

In the past generation, what has happened to Americans' sense of political efficacy?

answer

It has declined for external efficacy and remained unchanged for internal efficacy.

question

Americans' sense of political efficacy compared to that of most Europeans seems to be what?

answer

Significantly higher.

question

Cross cutting cleavages

answer

A division of people with differences that strengthens society.

question

Gender gap

answer

Difference in political views between men and women.

question

Party identification

answer

Voter affiliation with a political party.

question

Poll

answer

The process of voting in an election.

question

Random sample

answer

A sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

question

Silent majority

answer

Middle americans that didn't express their political opinion.

question

Middle america

answer

Americans who moved out of poverty but are not affluent.

question

What is the process by which citizens come to think everything they think about politics called?

answer

Political socialization.

question

What best describes the concept of agents of political socialization?

answer

From whom people learn.

question

Which agent of political socialization is most responsible for political party identification?

answer

The family.

question

The critical age at which comprehension of political thinking becomes possible is what?

answer

12

question

Why is violence on television not harmful to children?

answer

Children don't always perceive acts as adults do.

question

Public opinion in the United States is becoming increasingly what?

answer

Uniform from region to region and divided into regional subcultures.

question

What type of political participation involves the most people in the United States?

answer

Following and discussing politics.

question

Non-conventional participation is the term used to describe what?

answer

Riots.

question

60 percents of adults adopt the party preference of whom?

answer

Their parents.

question

A man who differs with his father on party identification is most likely to what?

answer

Describe himself as an independent.

question

In recent years, the ability of the family to promote a partisan identification has what?

answer

Declined.

question

What group of people were referred to as "red diaper babies" by commentators in the 1960s?

answer

College radicals who were the children of radicals.

question

Religious influences on public opinion are most pronounced with respect to which issues?

answer

Social.

question

Since the 1960s, what has happened to the voting behavior of women?

answer

It has remained unchanged.

question

True or false? Men have "deserted" Democratic candidates for Republican ones.

answer

True.

question

A gender gap is most likely to occur in an election in which the major issues is what?

answer

Gun control.

question

The impact of a college education on one's ideological predisposition may be mitigated by the fact that today's graduates are what?

answer

Much less apt to read newspapers and news magazines.

question

What have voters in the South become progressively less attached to?

answer

The Democratic party.

question

What is a coherent and consistent set of beliefs about who should rule and how referred to as?

answer

Political ideology.

question

What is political activism correlated with?

answer

Ideological consistency.

question

One reason why members of a political elite are more consistent in their ideological beliefs than the aver citizen is that they are what?

answer

Better informed.

AP NSL Chapters 4 & 7 – Flashcards

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