A&P I Ch 2 – Flashcards
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Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values: Which of the choices includes all acids?
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Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee
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DNA
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stores genetic information.
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Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are
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acids
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PET imaging follows the emission of
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positrons
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Exposure to ionizing radiation may
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cloud the lens of the eye.
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Lipids
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all of the above
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An acid reacting with a base is
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an exchange reaction.
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An enzyme is a ____.
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protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted
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In the body, oxygen
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releases energy from glucose during cellular respiration
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Organic molecules ____, whereas inorganic molecules ____.
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contain carbon; do not contain carbon
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Which of the following is not a source of ionizing radiation?
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Cholesterol and triglycerides
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Atomic radiation is useful for treating cancer because
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radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells
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Nucleic acids include
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RNA and DNA.
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A simple carbohydrate
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has a molecular formula of C6H12O6.
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Conformation
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the three dimensional shape of a molecule, such as a protein.
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Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates?
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all of the above
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Which of the following substances is an element?
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Iron
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Electrolytes are substances that
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ionize when dissolved in water.
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A triglyceride consists of
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3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol.
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A CT scan differs from a conventional X-ray image because it is
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three dimensional.
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The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
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neutrons
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The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is
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16.
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Carbon can form ___ covalent bonds.
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4
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Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
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growth of body parts.
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Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of
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cations.
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A solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions is
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neutral.
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Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because
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all of the above.
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The type of organic molecule that can replicate is a
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nucleic acid.
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A biomarker test for cancer should ideally be
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all of the above.
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Which of the following substances account for more than 95% of the human body?
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Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
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The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is
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iodine-141.
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An example of a biomarker is
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cholesterol.
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When cations and anions meet they
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form a 3-D structure.
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Saturated fats _______ than unsaturated fats.
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have more single carbon-carbon bonds
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Chemistry deals with
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the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter.
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The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of
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2 electrons.
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The unique, three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule is determined largely by
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hydrogen bonds.
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A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by
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AB → A + B.
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Biochemistry is the study of
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chemical reactions in organisms.
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The informational content of DNA and RNA is in the nitrogenous bases because
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the bases are of several types and therefore can form a sequence.
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A biomarker is
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a body chemical associated with a particular disease or exposure to a toxin.
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Table sugar breaking down into glucose and fructose is a(n) _______ reaction.
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decomposition
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DNA and RNA differ in that
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DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein
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The pH scale measures the
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concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.
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Which of the following is a form of ionizing radiation?
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Cosmic radiation and gamma radiation
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In phenylketonuria, an individual cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. Molecules that include phenylalanine build up in the blood, which causes mental retardation and other symptoms. This inherited disease can be controlled by following a diet that is very low in
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protein.
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An organic compound contains
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carbon and hydrogen.
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A complete atom is electrically neutral because the number of
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negative electrons and positive protons are equal.
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Which of the following molecules does not have a polar region?
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Triglycerides
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Bases reacting with acids form ________ and water.
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electrolytes
