AP Human Geography Theorist – Flashcards
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Carl Sauer
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Culture; Cultural Landscape - Each region has its own distinct landscape due to social relationships and physical processes. Examples: Florida is a peninsula with subtropical and tropical weather. Being surrounded by water is good for ship trade with other countries. Also good for tourism.
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H. Carey
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Economic; Gravity Model - A law of spatial interaction that states that larger places attract people, ideas, and goods more strongly than smaller places. Examples: New York City has more developments and attractions that draw people in rather than other cities like Cape Coral.
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Manuel Carrells
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Economic; Technopoles - Planned centers for the promotion of high tech industry. Examples: High tech industries are located by high edgucational schools.
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Peter Hall
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Economic; Technopoles - Center of high tech manufacturing and information. Based on quatrinary industry. Example: Seattle with Microsoft and its aircrafts.
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August Losch
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Economic; Agglomeration/Spatial Influence - Further developed the Central Place Theory; wanted to determine the "maximum profit" location. Example: People will drive a greater distance to get to a Macy's rather than a seven eleven.
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W. W. Rostow
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Economic; Economic Development - A model of development for countries based on 5 stages of economic growth and modernization: 1) Traditional society. 2) The precondition for takeoff. 3) The takeoff. 4) The drive to maturity. 5) The age of mass consumption.
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Immanuel Wallerstein
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Economic; World-Systems Model - Theory that there is only one world system in which all nation-states historically compete for capital and labor. (When all countries compete to be head/top country.)
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Immanuel Wallerstein
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Economic; Core-Periphery Model - Theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the "world systems". (Kind of like comparing enriched states to poor states making the rich ones seem even richer)
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Alfred Weber
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Economic; Location of Industry/Least Cost/Agglomeration - Location of Industry: an industry is located where the transportation costs of raw material and fine product. Least Cost: states that 3 main expenses (labor, transportation, and agglomeration) must be minimized when locating an industry. Agglomeration: the cost advanced for an industrial company gained by locating near similar functional industries or companies.
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Vidal de la Blache
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Nature/Environment; Possiblism - Theory that the physical environment merely establishes limits of what is possible on the human population. Example: Oceans, rainforests, deserts, and mountains are areas that are uninhabitable by humans. This limits human growth.
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Fredrich Ratzel
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Nature/Environment; Environmental Determinism - Theory that human behavior is controlled by the physical environment.
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Alfred Wegner
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Nature/Environment; Plate Tectonic Theory - Scientific theory that tries to explain the movements of the Earth's lithosphere. Fragmented plates ride next to each other on top of the Earth's lower mantle to create different plate boundaries that shape the Earth's landscape.
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Halford MacKinder
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Political; Heartland Theory - Theory that the country that dominated the landmass of Eurasia (heartland) would eventually rule the world (rimland).
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Alfred Mahane
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Political; Sea Power Theory - Idea that countries with greater navel power will have greater worldwide impact, it shaped the strategic thought of navels across the world.
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Fredrich Ratzel
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Political; Organic Theory of Nations - Borders do not exist permanently; nations are growing and represent a temporary "snapshot" of the allegiances and identity of the people who inhabit it.
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Nicholas Spykman
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Political; Rimland Theory - The domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provide the base for world conquest. (Counter to the Heartland Theory)
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Paul Ehrlich & Lester Brown
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Population; New-Malthusianism - Over population relates to poverty in areas of the world.
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E.G. Ravenstein
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Population; Laws of Migration - Migration occurs over long distances, in step, due to economic problems and women tend to do it more then men but men travel longer distances.
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Warren Thompson
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Population; Demographic Transition Model - First and second stages are high birth and death rates. Third stage is decreasing in birth and death rates, increasing the population. Stage four and five are low birth and death rates leading to high population.
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Thomas Malthus
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Population; Malthusian Theory - Population growth would exceed resource growth therefore not having enough resources to supply every person in the world.
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Esther Boserup
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Population/Agriculture; Boserup Thesis - Subsistence agriculture will have to change to meet up the needs of a growing population in less developed countries.
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J.H. von Thunen
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Rural Geography; Agriculture Model - Distance from market: Perishables close to market; cant have livestock in pasture away from business. Transportation to/from market: Today- exceptions AIR, GMOs last longer. Land characteristics ( Dry vs. Rich soil) Land costs ( More costly near market)
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John Borchert
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Urban Geography; Stages of Evolution of Am. Metropolis - Links to Economic Development.
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Walter Christaller
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Urban Geography; Central Place Theory - The theory that explains the regional organization of urban areas, based on their functions and the goods and services they offer.
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E.L. Ullman & Chauncey Harris
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Urban Geography; Multiple Nuclei Model - A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.
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Ernest Burgess
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Rural Geography; Concentric Zone Model - A model of internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
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Homer Hoyt
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Urban Geography; Urban Sector Model - Model of urban land use. It is a modification of the concentric zone model of city development.
