AP Human Geography Semester 1 exam – Flashcards

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question
What is Cartography?
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Cartography- the science of map making
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what is scale?
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the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole
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Which has a larger scale, a state map or a city map?
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city map
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In terms of maps, what is a projection?
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the system used to transfer location from Earth's surface to a flat map
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What is more remote sensing and when is it useful?
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acquistion of data about Earth's surface from a statilite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods
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What is GIS?
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Geographical informational system- computer sustem that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data
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What is a toponym?
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name on the earth's surface
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What is meant by the situation of a place?
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location of a place relative to other places
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From where is (a) latitude and (b) longitude measured?
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a- north and south of equator

b- east and west of the prime meridian

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What and where is GMT?
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Greenwich Mean Time- the master reference for all points on earth (universal time)
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Where in general is the world's population growing the fastest?
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in LCD's
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What exactly is over population?
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the number of people in an area that exceeds the capacity of the enviorment to support life at a decent standard of living
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What part of the world has the highest concentration?
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East asia (china)
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where is the world's largest urbanized region?
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Western Europe
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What places or conditions do most humans avoid settling?
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cold and wet
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what is physiological density?
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number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture
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agricultural density?
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number of farmers per unit area of farmland
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arithmetic denisty?
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total number of objects in an area, is commonly used to compare the distribution of population in different countries
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what is the total fertility rate and where in general is it highest?
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to measure # of births in a society

 

subsaharan africa and middle east (LDC's)

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Describe what happens to the CBR between stage one and stage four.
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it decreases
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what is meant by a mobility?
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all types of movements from one place to another
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What is migration?
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form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new locatoin
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list reasons for refugee migration and which today is the most common region?
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persecution because their race, religon, nationality in a soicety

;

;

Africa and Isreal

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what is a push factor?
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induces people to move out of the country
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what is a pull factor?
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attracts people to certain countries
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what was the Iron Curtain?
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border between free European and Eastern Communist
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why was the berlin wall built?
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stop people from traveling form east to west Germany
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what is a brain drain and what causes it?
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large scale emigtion by talented people from LCDs to MDCs
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What has been the most significant migration of the US African American population?
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left southern states to go to the northern cities
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what is the most common type of intraregional migration in the world today?
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older cities to suburbs
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what is a custom?
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frequent repetition of an act the extent that it becomes a characteristics of the group of people preforming it
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what is a habit?
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a repitive act performed by a particular individual
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compare the type of groups that are considered popular and folk.
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popular- large heterogenous societies that share certain habits

;

folk-small homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas

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what is primary reason for the spread of folk culture?
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relocation and diffussion
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how does popular culture spred faster than folk culture?
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new, magazines, newspaper (communication)
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how is a folk song typically different from a folk song?
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pop.- more recent-explicit-rhythmic

ethnic- about enviorment or daily life

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what is a taboo?
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a restriction or behavior imposed by a social custom
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what is a uniform landscape and which type of culture is like to promote it?
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everything looks the same; pop culture
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what is meant by literary tradition?
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a language that is written as well as spoken
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what is dialect?
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regional variety of alanguage distinguished by vocab, spelling and pronounciation
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what is a language family?
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a collection of language related to each other than a common ancestry long before recorded history
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what is a language group?
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a collection of language that share a common orgin in the realtively recent past, few differences in vocab and grammar
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rank in order the top two language families
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indo european

sino tibetan

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what three germanic groups invaded England?
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jutes, angles, saxons
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what group gave england the French language?
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Normans
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of which group does the english language come from?
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west germanic
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of which language family does the English language come?
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Indo-European
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why has iceland's language changed so little?
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its very isolated
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what are the Romance languages?
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Spanish, French, Romanian, Pourtugese and Italian
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what is a creolized language?
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a mixture of the colonizers language and the indigenous people
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what is (a) the most widely spoken and (b) the most commonly spoken language?
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a-English

b-Madarin Chinese

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what is the difference between a religious branch and sect?
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branch- large and fundamental division w/in a region

sect- realtively small group of religion

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what is a universalizing religon?
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that tries to spread throughout the world
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what is the worlds largest univeralizing religon?
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Christianity
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what is the worlds largest eithic religon?
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Hinduism
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what is an ethnic religion?
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religon that appears to one group of people living in one place
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List the main branches of Christanity.
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Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox
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list the three main ethnic religons.
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hinduism, conuciansm, daoism, shintoism, Judaism
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Name the main Protestant denominations in the US.
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Luthern, Baptist, Mormon, Methodist and Pentacostal
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Rank the two denomitations of Islam.
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Sunni

 

Shia

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What effect does the caste system have on Hindus?
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bound to their own caste
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what is cosmonongy?
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a set of religous beliefs concerning the religon of the universe
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what is soveriegnty?
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the ability of a state to govern its territory, free from control of its internal affairs by other states
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what are the common shared elements that create nationalism?
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self detirmination, devotion, pride and loyalty
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what is meant by the right to self-determination?
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concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themsleves
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What is the difference between a nation and a state?
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nation-is the people who live there

state- goverent meant

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what is balkanization and where in europe has it caused major problems?
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process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicties  (balkan pennisula)
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what were the three sides to the triangular trade?
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Europe, Africa, Americas
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Describe the mass ethnic migration in Indian sub-continent in 1947.
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muslims- pakistan

 

india-Hindus

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what is apartheid and where is it prominent?
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physical separaton of different races into different geographical places

 

south africa

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how does race differ from ethnicity?
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ethnicity- a group of people who share cultural traditions

 

race-biological traits

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what region/state is the main source of conflict in the Middle East?
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Isreal
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What are the three disputed areas still held by Isreal today?
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golan heights, west bank, gaza strip
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where were the first city-states?
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Mesopotamia
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what is a colony?
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territory that is legally tied to a soverign state rather than being completely independent
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where was the first widespread use of the nation-state concept?
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western europe
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what is a physical boundary(examples)?
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Mountains, Lakes, Deserts

 

Andes, Great Lakes, Sahara

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what has caused much of the intra-state conflicts in Africa?
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inappropirate drawing of boundaries/different ethnicities
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what is the difference between a unitary state and a federal state?
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unitary all power is in one

 

federal all power goes off to different people

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what is GDP?
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gross domestic product
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what type of nation would be mostly involved in a primary sector ecomony?
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LDCs
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what is value added and where is high value added generally found?
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gross value of the product minus the cost of raw materials minus energy
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