AP Human Geography Semester 1 exam – Flashcards
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| What is Cartography? |
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| Cartography- the science of map making |
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| what is scale? |
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| the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole |
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| Which has a larger scale, a state map or a city map? |
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| city map |
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| In terms of maps, what is a projection? |
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| the system used to transfer location from Earth's surface to a flat map |
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| What is more remote sensing and when is it useful? |
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| acquistion of data about Earth's surface from a statilite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods |
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| What is GIS? |
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| Geographical informational system- computer sustem that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data |
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| What is a toponym? |
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| name on the earth's surface |
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| What is meant by the situation of a place? |
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| location of a place relative to other places |
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| From where is (a) latitude and (b) longitude measured? |
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a- north and south of equator b- east and west of the prime meridian |
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| What and where is GMT? |
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| Greenwich Mean Time- the master reference for all points on earth (universal time) |
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| Where in general is the world's population growing the fastest? |
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| in LCD's |
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| What exactly is over population? |
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| the number of people in an area that exceeds the capacity of the enviorment to support life at a decent standard of living |
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| What part of the world has the highest concentration? |
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| East asia (china) |
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| where is the world's largest urbanized region? |
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| Western Europe |
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| What places or conditions do most humans avoid settling? |
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| cold and wet |
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| what is physiological density? |
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| number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture |
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| agricultural density? |
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| number of farmers per unit area of farmland |
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| arithmetic denisty? |
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| total number of objects in an area, is commonly used to compare the distribution of population in different countries |
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| what is the total fertility rate and where in general is it highest? |
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to measure # of births in a society
subsaharan africa and middle east (LDC's) |
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| Describe what happens to the CBR between stage one and stage four. |
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| it decreases |
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| what is meant by a mobility? |
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| all types of movements from one place to another |
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| What is migration? |
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| form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new locatoin |
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| list reasons for refugee migration and which today is the most common region? |
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persecution because their race, religon, nationality in a soicety ; ; Africa and Isreal |
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| what is a push factor? |
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| induces people to move out of the country |
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| what is a pull factor? |
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| attracts people to certain countries |
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| what was the Iron Curtain? |
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| border between free European and Eastern Communist |
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| why was the berlin wall built? |
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| stop people from traveling form east to west Germany |
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| what is a brain drain and what causes it? |
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| large scale emigtion by talented people from LCDs to MDCs |
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| What has been the most significant migration of the US African American population? |
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| left southern states to go to the northern cities |
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| what is the most common type of intraregional migration in the world today? |
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| older cities to suburbs |
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| what is a custom? |
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| frequent repetition of an act the extent that it becomes a characteristics of the group of people preforming it |
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| what is a habit? |
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| a repitive act performed by a particular individual |
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| compare the type of groups that are considered popular and folk. |
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popular- large heterogenous societies that share certain habits ; folk-small homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas |
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| what is primary reason for the spread of folk culture? |
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| relocation and diffussion |
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| how does popular culture spred faster than folk culture? |
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| new, magazines, newspaper (communication) |
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| how is a folk song typically different from a folk song? |
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pop.- more recent-explicit-rhythmic ethnic- about enviorment or daily life |
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| what is a taboo? |
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| a restriction or behavior imposed by a social custom |
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| what is a uniform landscape and which type of culture is like to promote it? |
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| everything looks the same; pop culture |
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| what is meant by literary tradition? |
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| a language that is written as well as spoken |
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| what is dialect? |
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| regional variety of alanguage distinguished by vocab, spelling and pronounciation |
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| what is a language family? |
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| a collection of language related to each other than a common ancestry long before recorded history |
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| what is a language group? |
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| a collection of language that share a common orgin in the realtively recent past, few differences in vocab and grammar |
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| rank in order the top two language families |
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indo european sino tibetan |
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| what three germanic groups invaded England? |
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| jutes, angles, saxons |
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| what group gave england the French language? |
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| Normans |
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| of which group does the english language come from? |
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| west germanic |
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| of which language family does the English language come? |
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| Indo-European |
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| why has iceland's language changed so little? |
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| its very isolated |
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| what are the Romance languages? |
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| Spanish, French, Romanian, Pourtugese and Italian |
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| what is a creolized language? |
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| a mixture of the colonizers language and the indigenous people |
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| what is (a) the most widely spoken and (b) the most commonly spoken language? |
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a-English b-Madarin Chinese |
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| what is the difference between a religious branch and sect? |
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branch- large and fundamental division w/in a region sect- realtively small group of religion |
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| what is a universalizing religon? |
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| that tries to spread throughout the world |
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| what is the worlds largest univeralizing religon? |
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| Christianity |
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| what is the worlds largest eithic religon? |
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| Hinduism |
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| what is an ethnic religion? |
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| religon that appears to one group of people living in one place |
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| List the main branches of Christanity. |
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| Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox |
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| list the three main ethnic religons. |
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| hinduism, conuciansm, daoism, shintoism, Judaism |
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| Name the main Protestant denominations in the US. |
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| Luthern, Baptist, Mormon, Methodist and Pentacostal |
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| Rank the two denomitations of Islam. |
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Sunni
Shia |
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| What effect does the caste system have on Hindus? |
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| bound to their own caste |
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| what is cosmonongy? |
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| a set of religous beliefs concerning the religon of the universe |
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| what is soveriegnty? |
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| the ability of a state to govern its territory, free from control of its internal affairs by other states |
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| what are the common shared elements that create nationalism? |
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| self detirmination, devotion, pride and loyalty |
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| what is meant by the right to self-determination? |
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| concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themsleves |
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| What is the difference between a nation and a state? |
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nation-is the people who live there state- goverent meant |
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| what is balkanization and where in europe has it caused major problems? |
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| process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicties (balkan pennisula) |
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| what were the three sides to the triangular trade? |
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| Europe, Africa, Americas |
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| Describe the mass ethnic migration in Indian sub-continent in 1947. |
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muslims- pakistan
india-Hindus |
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| what is apartheid and where is it prominent? |
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physical separaton of different races into different geographical places
south africa |
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| how does race differ from ethnicity? |
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ethnicity- a group of people who share cultural traditions
race-biological traits |
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| what region/state is the main source of conflict in the Middle East? |
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| Isreal |
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| What are the three disputed areas still held by Isreal today? |
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| golan heights, west bank, gaza strip |
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| where were the first city-states? |
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| Mesopotamia |
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| what is a colony? |
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| territory that is legally tied to a soverign state rather than being completely independent |
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| where was the first widespread use of the nation-state concept? |
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| western europe |
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| what is a physical boundary(examples)? |
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Mountains, Lakes, Deserts
Andes, Great Lakes, Sahara |
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| what has caused much of the intra-state conflicts in Africa? |
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| inappropirate drawing of boundaries/different ethnicities |
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| what is the difference between a unitary state and a federal state? |
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unitary all power is in one
federal all power goes off to different people |
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| what is GDP? |
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| gross domestic product |
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| what type of nation would be mostly involved in a primary sector ecomony? |
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| LDCs |
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| what is value added and where is high value added generally found? |
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| gross value of the product minus the cost of raw materials minus energy |
