AP Human Geography Edison Urban Definitions – Flashcards
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Urban Morphology
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The study of the physical form and structure of urban places
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Agricultural Village
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A relatively small village, where most of the population was involved in agriculture.
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Agricultural Surplus
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agricultural production in excess which the producer needs for his own sustenance for his family and then sold for consumption by the market
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Trade Area
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Area where a large trade organization is taken place
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Central Place Theory
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Theory proposed by Christaller that explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally distributed
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Functional Zonation
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The division of a city into different regions, or zones
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Central Business District
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The downtown heart of a central city, the marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings.
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Suburbanization
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Movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions
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Concentric Zone Model
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A structural model of the American central city that has five concentric land-use rings arranged around a common center.
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Leadership Class
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Group of decision-makers and organizers in early cities who controlled the resources, and often the lives, of others.
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Mesopotamia
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Region of great cities (e.g Ur and Babylong) located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; chronologically the first urban hearth, dating to 3500 BCE, and which as founded in the Fertile Crescent.
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Nile River Valley
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Chronologially the second urban hearth dating back to 3200 BCE.
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Indus River Valley
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Chronoligcally the third urban hearth dating back to 2200 BCE.
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Huang He and Wei
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Rivers in present-day China; it was at the confluence of the Huang He and Wei Rivers where chronologically the fourth urban hearth was founded by the Chinese.
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Edge Cities
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the shifting focus of urbanization in the United States of America, away from the Central Business District toward new loci of economic activity at the urban fringe
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Griffin-Ford Model
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Developed by geographers Ernst Griffin and larry Ford, a model of the Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin America culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene.
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McGee Model
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Developed by geographer T.G. McGee, a model showing similar land-use patterns among the medium-sized cities of Southeast Asia.
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Shanytowns
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Unplanned slum development on the marigins of cities
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Redlining
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discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominately white neighborhoods
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Blockbusting
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Rapid change in the racial composition of residential blocks in American cities that occurs when real estate agents and others stir up fears of neighborhood decline after encouraging people of color to move to previously white neighborhoods
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Site
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The internal physical attributes of a place, including its absolute location, its spatial character and physical setting.
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Situation
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The external location attributes of a place; its relative location or regional position with reference to other nonlocal places.
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Urban Sprawl
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Unrestricted growth in many American urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.
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World City
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Dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy. Not the world's biggest city in terms of population or industrial output, but rather centers of strategic control of the world economy.
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Primate City
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A country's largest city-ranking atop the urban hierarchy-most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital as well.
