AP Human Geography Chapter 6: Culture and Cultural Landscapes Vocabulary – Flashcards
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artifact
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any physical object that a culture produces
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barriers to diffusion
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things that slow or stop the spread of an idea, innovation, people, or other things
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contagious diffusion
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the transmission of a phenomenon through close contact with nearby places, such as with many diseases
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cultural convergence
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the process by which two cultures become similar
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cultural diffusion
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the movement of culture traits from one place to another
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cultural landscape
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the cultural impacts on an area, including buildings, agricultural patterns, roads, signs, and nearly everything else that humans have created
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culture
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shared patterns of learned behavior, attitudes, and knowledge
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culture complex
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a group of interrelated culture traits
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culture hearth
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an area from which important culture traits, including ideas, technology, and social structures, originated. Ancient Mesopotamia is an example
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culture realm
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groupings of culture regions based on broad culture similarities. Western Europe is an example
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culture region
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an area defined by a large number of common culture traits Example: New England, Midwest
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culture trait
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a single component of a culture; can be a thing, an idea, or a social convention Examples: Language, Music, Clothing, Food, and History.
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diffusion
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the movement of a phenomenon from one location to another
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folk culture
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culture traits that are traditional, no longer widely practiced by a large number of people, and generally isolated in small, often rural areas
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foodways
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how a culture prepares and consumes food
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hearth
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the place where something begins
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hierarchical diffusion
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a pattern where things move from one place to other places that have some similarities or are otherwise going to be more receptive, such as from a large city to smaller cities or from a boss to a subordinate
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ideological subsystem
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the ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge of a culture
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innovation diffusion
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the movement of a phenomenon from one location to another
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mentifacts
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individual culture traits of the ideological subsystem, such as an idea
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popular culture
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the aspects of a culture that are widespread, fast-changing, and transmitted by the mass media
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relocation diffusion
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the diffusion of a particular phenomenon over a far distance as a result of migration
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reverse hierarchical diffusion
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diffusion up a hierarchy, such as from a small town to large cities
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social construction of space
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the idea that society shapes the spatial nature of our world
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sociofact
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a culture trait in the sociological subsystem
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sociological subsystem
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the part of a culture that guides how people are expected to interact with each other and how their social institutions are structured
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technological subsystem
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the material objects that a culture produces, as well as the procedures for using those objects
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environmental determinism
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The controversial idea, popular in the early 20th century and largely discredited today, that climate or other physical qualities of an area dictate the culture of the people who live there.
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Wrigley Field
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Home of the Chicago Cubs; built 1914, "Wrigleyville"; Clark, Addison, and Sheffield Streets. (Northside)
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United Center
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Home of the Chicago Blackhawks and Bulls; built 1994; "Madhouse on Madison".
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Soldier Field
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Home of the Chicago Bears; built 1924; Lake Shore Drive and Chicago Lakefront.
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U.S. Cellular Field
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Home of the Chicago White Sox; built 1991; 35th and Shields. (Southside)
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Victorian Home
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Period: late 19th Century (1870s-1890s) Name: Victorian Description: Crazy rooflines, odd-shaped windows, wrap-around porches, ornamental designs on outside walls. Can be seen in Crown Point. Rarely built today and the majority have been turned into bread and breakfasts
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Second Empire Homes
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Period: 1855-1875 Name: Second Empire Description: Based on trendy styles in Europe at the time; feature the unique mansard roof
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Gothic Revival/Italianate Homes
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Period: Mid-19th Century (1840s-70s) Name: Gothic/Italianate Description: Gingerbread houses Italianate: Low roofs, wide eaves, and ornamental brackets, Victorian Italianate houses suggest an Italian Renaissance villa
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Greek Revival Homes
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Period: Early 19th Century Name: Greek and Roman Description: Have columns and other touches that make them look like ancient temples
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Georgian Style Homes
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Period: Colonial period Name: Early American Description: Generally rectangular and the homes gables are on the side of the house. The roof line runs from the sides of the home to the other side.
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Prairie Style Home
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Period: Early 20th century (1920s) Description: Frank Lloyd Wright; low-pitched roof, overhanging eaves, horizontal lines, central chimney, clerestory windows
