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Brain Drain

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Lare-scale emigration by talented people Ex. Giving preference to skilled workers, the immigration policies of Europe and the United States contribute to a brain drain

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Chain Migration

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Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there Ex. Immigrants settle in communities where people from their country previously settled (Chinatown)

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Circulation

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Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur one a regular basis Ex. Traveling each day from your home to work, and back home

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Counterurbanization

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Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries Ex. Results from rapid expansion of the suburbs

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Emigration

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Migration from a location Ex. Mexicans emigrate from Mexico due to a lack of job opportunity

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Floodplain

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The area subject to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends Ex. People who live in the "100 year Floodplain" can expect flooding once every century

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Forced migration

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Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors Ex. Cultural factors normal compel forced migration.

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Guest workers

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Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually fro Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher paying jobs Ex. In Europe, guest workers are protected by minimum-wage laws, labor union contracts, and other support programs

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Immigration

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Migration to a new location Ex. Mexicans immigrate to the United States in search of economic independence

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Internal migration

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Permanent movement within a particular country Ex. Consistent with the distance decay law in that the further away a place is, the less likely you are to migrate to it

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International migration

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Permanent movement from one country to another Ex. International migrants are much less numerous than internal migrants

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Interregional migration

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Permanent movement from one region of a country to another Ex. The main type of interregional migration has been from rural to urban ares in search of jobs

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Intervening obstacle

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An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration Ex. Bodies of water have been long important intervening obstacles

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Intraregional migration

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Permanent movement within one region of a country Ex. The main type of intraregional migration has been within urban areas, from older cities to newer suburbs

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Migration

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Form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location Ex. The flow of migration involves connections between 2 locations

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Migration transition

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Change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition Ex. According to the migration transition, international migration is primarily a phenomenon of countries in stage 2 of the demographic transition whereas internal migration is more important in stage 3 and 4

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Mobility

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All types of movement from one location to another Ex. People display mobility in many ways, such as by journeying every weekday from their homes to places of work or education and once a week to shops, places of worship, or recreation areas

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Net migration

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The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration Ex. If the number of immigrants exceeds the number of emigrants, the net migration is positive

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Pull factor

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Factor that induces people to move to a new location Ex. Promising economic opportunity is a pull factor that pulls immigrants to the United States

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Push factor

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Factor that induces people to leave old residences Ex. Religious oppression is a push factor that leads emigrants to leave many countries

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Quotas

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In reference to migration laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year Ex. The era of unrestricted immigration to the United States ended when Congress passed the Quota Act in 1921 and the National Origins Act in 1924

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Refugees

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People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion Ex. Refugees have no home until another country agrees to take them in, or improving conditions make it possible for them to return home

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Unauthorized immigrants

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People who enter a country without proper documents Ex. People are in the United States without authorization primarily because they wish to work but do not have permission to do so from the government

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Voluntary migration

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Permanent movement undertaken by choice Ex. Migration prompted by promising economic opportunity in another country

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