Ap Human Geography Chapter 2 Review Answers – Flashcards
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Define: Basic Infrastructure
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Most basic things (food, water) need by society
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What is important when studying population?
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Scale
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Name 3 ways geographers show people in relation to land; define them
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1. Population density; pop. size related to land 2. Arithmetic pop. density; ppl/square miles 3. Physiological Population Density; compares arable land to pop.
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Define population distribution:
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arrangement of ppl on earth
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Where is 1/3 of the global population located?
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India and China
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What common things can be seen where people build new civilizations?
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Water source, and therefore food
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List most populous countries from most dense to less dense:
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East Asia South Asia Europe Americas ( Megapolis (New York) )
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What problems can arise from a incorrect census?
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Data incorrect Loss of money
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Why do populations rise and fall? (3)
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1. People and food grows exponentially 2. Limiting factors: food, water, space 3. More technological advancements result in increase in population
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Define natural increase:
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Calculating population by subtracting Births from Deaths.
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Two other factors in calculating population?
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1. Immigration 2. Emigration
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Historical Population trend:
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Increase, the decrease
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Some factors with population growth:
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1. Total fertility rate/ total babies per female (replaces deaths) 2. Wealth (less babies) 3. Old-age dependance rate (less baby makers) 4. Child dependency rate (more babies for more pop.
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List how earth's pop. has grown
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1. Doubling time (exp. growth) 2. Population explosion 3. Zero population growth (no more growth)
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Define Crude Birth Rate:
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# of live births per 1000
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Define Crude Death Rate:
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Number of deaths per 1000
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Define Demographic Transition:
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1. Equally high CBR and CDR (plagues etc.) 2. Then, low CDR; expanding population (industrial revolution) 3. Finally, low CBR and CDR; this reaches zero-population growth (currently)
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Define Zero Population growth:
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Stabilizing population with little to none inc. in pop. size.
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Define stationary population level:
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World-wide population stabilization with hardly any growth during the 21st century.
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Define population pyramid:
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Graph showing number of Males and Females, as a percentage, by age in different countries.
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Describe a poor and wealthy country's population pyramid:
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Poor: actual pyramid (wide base, narrow tip) Wealthy: smallish base, bulk in middle with smaller tip
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Define population composition:
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What make sup a population; i.e. gender, age, race, etc.
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List Health 3 factors that influence population dynamics:
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1. Infant Mortality Rate: infant ( first year) deaths per 1000; reflects nationally situation in numerous areas 2. Child Mortality rate: Children (1-5 years) death per 1000; very high in Africa and Asia 3. Life Expectancy: average age when people die; differs based on country and people; poor = lower, rich = higher
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List the two types of diseases:
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1. Infectious; transmitted 2. Genetic: inhereted
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List 3 types of spatial disease classifications
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1. endemic: small area 2. epidemic: region 3. pandemic: global
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List two types of infectious diseases:
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1.Vectored: received from transmitter (mosquito) 2. Non-vectored: received directly from host; i.e. cold
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Name a big vectored disease:
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Malayria; transmitted by mosquitos, and kills lots in africa
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Name two non vectored diseases:
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1. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; kills millions 2. AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
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What is the main killer in united states?
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Chronic diseases: cancer, heart problems, liver failures, etc.
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How does your position in society affect your health?
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The better you are, the less likely you'll get sick
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List three govt. policies for pop. control:
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1. Expansive pop. policy 2. Eugenic 3. Restrictive All can benefit, as well as have negative consequences
