AP Human Geography Chapter 2 & 3 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Replacement level (p. 39)
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The total fertility rate-average number of children born per woman- at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next without migration. If the replacement level is zero means that the same amount of people that are dying are being born. If the replacement level is high means that there are more births than deaths. If the level is negative means that there are more deaths than births.
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Total Fertility Rates
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The total number of children born per woman. More specifically; it tells you the average number of children that would be born to a woman (who would live until the end of childbearing years) if she were to experience the exact current age- specific fertility rates through her lifetime.
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Arithmetic density (p. 31)
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The total number of people divided by the total land area. (general land)
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Physiologic density
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The number of people per square unit of area of (arable land), which is land suitable for agriculture.
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Population density
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A measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density. (Bangladesh)
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Geographic Barriers
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Take two groups of 10 cats and separate them by a mountain. Cats in one group won't mate with cats in the other because they don't have access to them. Wait a few million years or so, and most likely these groups will look extremely different from each other.
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U.S. Census
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The United States Bureau of Commerce that is responsible for conducting the national census at least once every 10 years, in which the population of the United States is counted
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Thomas Malthus (p. 36-38)
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Lived from the mid 1800s to the late 1800s. Thought that food growth won't keep up with population, therefore the world would end. The Industrial Revolution changed that.
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India's population reduction policies
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male sterilization, female sterilization
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Crude death (or mortality) rate
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The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people.
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Infant mortality rates
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A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population.
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Eugenics
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A set of beliefs and practices which aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population. (Nazi, Germany)
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Vectored vs non-vectored diseases
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Mosquitoes are vectors for many important diseases. Being a vector means that it carries a disease from one host to another. Many of these diseases have a wide distribution, high mortality rate, and a high number of cases but some do not. Here you can learn some facts about a few of the mosquito vectored diseases.
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"Lost Boys of Sudan"
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A group of African American that ran away from Sudan because of the war that was going on so they were forced to leave to Ethiopia and Kenya. They were "lost" for a very long time.
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Remittances
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A sum of money sent, especially by mail, in payment for goods or services or as a gift. (John sent money to Africa to his family)
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Activity spaces
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The space within which daily activity occurs.
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Internal migration
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Permanent movement within a particular country.
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Gravity model
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The gravity model of trade in international economics, similar to other gravity models in social science, predicts bilateral trade flows based on the economic sizes (often using GDP measurements) and distance between two units. The model was first used by Jan Tinbergen in 1962.
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Chain migration
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Refers to the endless chains of foreign nationals who are allowed to immigrate because citizens and lawful permanent residents are allowed to bring in their non- nuclear family members.
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Internally displaced persons
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An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee.
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3 Types of Movement
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MIgration, Immigration and Emigration
