Ap Human Geography Chapter 12 Answers – Flashcards
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basic industries
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Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement
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business services
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Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services
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central place
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a market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area
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Central place theory
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A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
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city-state
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A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland
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Clustered rural settlement
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A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement.
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Consumer services
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Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services
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Dispersed rural settlement
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A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
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Economic base
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A community's collection of basic industries.
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Gravity model
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A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.
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Market area (hinterland)
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the area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the places goods and services
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Nonbasic industries
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industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community
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Primate city
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The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.
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Primate city rule
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A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.
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Public services
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Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
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Range
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the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
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Rank-size-rule
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A pattern of settlements within a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement
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Service
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Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it.
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Settlement
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A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants.
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Threshold
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The minimum number of people needed to support the service
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Urbanization
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An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.
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Primary Sector
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The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth' surface, generally through agriculture, mining, fishing, or forestry.
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Secondary Sector
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The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.
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Tertiary Sector
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The portion of the economy concerned with basic services to people in exchange from money.
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Quaternary Sector
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Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services..
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Quinary Sector
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Most advanced level of economic activity that consists of high-level decision making for large corporations or high levels of government.
