question

Acid deposition

answer

Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emittef by burning fossil fuels, enter the atmosphere-where they combine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid-and return to Earth's surface

question

Acid percipitation

answer

Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog.

question

Active solar energy systems

answer

Solar energy system that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices like photovoltaic cells or flat-plat collectors.

question

Agribusiness

answer

Commercial agriculture characterized by the intergration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by larger corporations.

question

Agricultural density

answer

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

question

Agricultural density

answer

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

question

Agricultural revolution

answer

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relies entirely on hunting and gathering.

question

Agriculture

answer

THe deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance and economic growth.

question

Air pollution

answer

Concentration of trace substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average air.

question

Animate power

answer

Power supplied by people or animals.

question

Animism

answer

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.

question

Animism

answer

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.

question

Annexation

answer

Legally adding land area to a city in the USA.

question

Apartheid

answer

Laws(no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically seperated differnt races into different geographic areas

question

Arithmetic density

answer

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

question

Autonomous religion

answer

A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally.

question

Balance of power

answer

Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries.

question

Balkanization

answer

Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts amoung it ethnicities.

question

Balkanized

answer

A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicites with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other.

question

Base line

answer

An east-west line designated uner the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate th surveying and numbering of townships in the USA.

question

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

answer

Amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste; a measure of water pollution.

question

Biodiversity

answer

THe number of species within a specific habitat.

question

Biomass fuel

answer

Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste.

question

Blockbusting

answer

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood.

question

Boundary

answer

Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory.

question

Brain drain

answer

Large-scale emigration of talented people.

question

Branch (of a religon)

answer

A large and fundamental division within a religon.

question

Break-of-bulk point

answer

A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.

question

Breeder reactor

answer

A nuclear power plant that creates it own fuel from plutonium.

question

British Recieved Pronunciation

answer

The dualect of English associated with upper-class Britons living in the London area and now considered standard in the UK.

question

Bulk-gaining industry

answer

An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprices a greater volume than the inputs.

question

Bulk-reducing industry

answer

An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprices a lower volume than the inputs.

question

Bulk-reducing industry

answer

An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprices a lower volume than the inputs.

question

Busines services

answer

Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including profession, financial, and transportation services.

question

Cartography

answer

The science of map making.

question

Caste

answer

Th class or distince hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law.

question

Census

answer

A complete enumeration of a population.

question

Census tract

answer

An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods.

question

Central business district (CBD)

answer

The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered.

question

Central place

answer

A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from surrounding areas.

question

Central place theory

answer

A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the face that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a large number of people who are willing to travel further.

question

Centripetal force

answer

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.

question

Cereal grain

answer

A grass yielding grain for food.

question

Chaff

answer

Husks of grain seperated from the seeds by threshing.

question

Chain migration

answer

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

question

Chloroflourocarbon

answer

A gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a regrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire exstinguishers.

question

Circulation

answer

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.

question

Ciy-state

answer

A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinderland.

question

Clustered rural settlement

answer

A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement.

question

Colonialism

answer

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

question

Colonialism

answer

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

question

Colony

answer

A territory that is legally tied to a soveriegn state rather than completely independent.

question

Combine

answer

A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.

question

Commercial agriculture

answer

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

question

Compact state

answer

A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.

question

Concentration

answer

The spread of something over a given area.

question

Concenctric zone model

answer

A model of internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arragned in a series of rings.

question

Connections

answer

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

question

Conservation

answer

The sustainable use and management of a natural resource, through consuming at a less rapic rate than can be replaced.

question

Consumer services

answer

Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services.

question

Contagious diffusion

answer

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trent throughout a population.

question

Cosmogony

answer

A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe.

question

Cottage industry

answer

Manufacturing vased in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.

question

Council of goverment

answer

A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of local goverments in a metropolitan area in the USA.

question

Counterurbanization

answer

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

question

Creole or creolized languages

answer

A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with indigenous language of the people being dominated.

question

Crop

answer

Grain or fruit gatherd from a field as a harbest during a particular season.

question

Crop rotation

answer

The practice of rotating different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.

question

Crude birth rate (CBR)

answer

The total number of live births in a year for every 100 people alive in the society.

question

Crude death rate (CDR)

answer

The total number of deaths in a year for every 100 people alive in the society.

question

Cultural ecology

answer

Geographic approach that emphasizes human enviorment relations.

question

Cultural landscaping

answer

Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.

question

Culture

answer

The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct relations.

question

Custom

answer

The frequent repitition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the groupt o people performing the act.

question

Demographic transition

answer

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increate to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population.

question

Demography

answer

The scientific study of population characteristics.

question

Demonation

answer

A division of a branch that unites a number of local congragations in a single legal and administrative body.

question

Density

answer

The frequncy with which something exusts within a given unit of area.

question

Density gradient

answer

The change in adensity in an urban area from the center to the periphery.

question

Dependency ratio

answer

The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force.

question

Desertification

answer

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal graxing, and tree cutting.

question

Development

answer

A process of improvement in the material conditions o people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

question

Dialect

answer

A regional varity of a language distinquished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation

question

Diffusion

answer

The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time.

question

Diocese

answer

The basic unit of geogrpahic organization of the Roman Catholic Church.

question

Dispersed rural settlement

answer

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clusterd villages.

question

Distnace decay

answer

The diminishing in importance and eventual disapperance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

question

Distribution

answer

The arrangement of something across Earth's surace.

question

Double cropping

answer

Harvesting twice a year from the same field.

question

Doubling time

answer

The number of years needed to double a population assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

question

Ebonics

answer

Dialects spoen by some African Americans.

question

Economic base

answer

A community's collection of basic industries.

question

Ecumene

answer

The portion of the Earth's surface occupied by permanant human settlement.

question

Edge city

answer

A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.

question

Elonated state

answer

A state with a long, narrow shape.

question

Emigration

answer

Migration from a location

question

Enclosure movement

answer

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England durin the eighteenth century.

question

Enviormental determinism

answer

A ninteenth-and earth twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that the general laws sought by human geogrpahers could be found in the physical sciencees. Geography was thereore the study of how the physical enviorment caused human activities.

question

Epidemiologic transition

answer

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demoraphic transition

question

Epidemiology

answer

Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people.

question

Ethnic cleansing

answer

Process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous society.

question

Ethnic religion

answer

A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated.

question

Ethnicity

answer

Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.

question

Expansion diffusion

answer

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.

question

Extinct language

answer

A language that was once used by people daily activities but is no longer used.

question

Fair trade

answer

Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and wprker pwned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing and comply with minimum enviormental and safety standards.

question

Federal state

answer

An internal organization of a state that allocates most power units of local goverment.

question

Ferrous

answer

Metals, including iron ore, that are utilized in the production of iron and fuel.

question

Filtering

answer

A process of change in the use of a home, from a single-family owner occupancy to abandoment.

question

Fission

answer

The splitting of an atomicc nucleus to release energy.

question

Floodplain

answer

The area subject to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends.

question

Folk culture

answer

Culture traditionally practiced in small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

question

Forced migration

answer

Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.

question

Fordist production

answer

Form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly.

question

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

answer

Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country.

question

Formal region

answer

(or uniform or homogenious region) An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics.

question

Fossil fuel

answer

Energy source formed from the residue of plants animals buried millions of years ago.

question

Fragmented state

answer

A state that includes several discontinous pieces of territory.

question

Franglais

answer

A term used by the French for English words that have entered the French language; combination of francais and anglais, the French words for "French" and "English," respectively.

question

Frontier

answer

A zone seperating two states in which neither state exercises political control.

question

Functional (or nodal) region

answer

An area organized around a node or focal point.

question

Fundamentalism

answer

Literal interpretation and strict adherence go basic principles of a religion (or religious branch, denomination, or sect.)

question

Fusion

answer

Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium.

question

Gender Empowered Measure (GEM)

answer

Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.

question

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)

answer

Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes.

question

Gentrification

answer

A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.

question

Geographic information system (GIS)

answer

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geogrpahic data.

question

Geothermal energy

answer

Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten undergound rock.

question

Gerrymandering

answer

Process of redrawing legislativve boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

question

Ghetto

answer

During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure.

question

Globalization

answer

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

question

Global Positioning System (GPS)

answer

A system that determines the precise position of somethin on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and recievers.

question

Grain

answer

Seed or cereal grass.

question

Gravity model

answer

A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

question

Green Revolution

answer

Rapid diffusion of a new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seed and fertilizers.

question

Greenbelt

answer

A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urbanized area.

question

Greenhouse effect

answer

Anticipated increase in Earth's temoerature, caused by carbon dioxide (emitted by burning fossil fuels) trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface.

question

Greenwich Mean Time

answer

The time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude.

question

Gross domestic product (GDP)

answer

The value of the total input of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally 1 year).

question

Guest workers

answer

Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs.

question

Habit

answer

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual.

question

Hearth

answer

The region from which innovative ideas originate.

question

Hierarchical diffusion

answer

The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.

question

Hierarchial religion

answer

A religon in which a central authority excercises a high degree of control.

question

Horticulture

answer

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.

question

Hull

answer

The outer covering of a seed.

question

Human Development Index (HDI)

answer

Indicator of level of develoopment for each country, constructed by the United Nations, combing income, literacy, education, and live expectancy.

question

Hydroelectric power

answer

Power generated from moving water.

question

Ideograms

answer

The system of writing used China and other East Asia countries in which each symbol represents and idea or a concept rather than a speciific sound, as isthe case with letters in English.

question

Immigration

answer

Migration to a new location.

question

Imperialism

answer

Cotrol of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society.

question

Inanimate power

answer

Power supplied by machines

question

Industrial Revolution

answer

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufactured goods.

question

Infant mortality rate

answer

The totl number of death in a year amog infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in society.

question

Intensive subsistence agriculture

answer

A form of subsistence agriculture in which armers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield for a parcel of land.

question

Internal migration

answer

Permanent movement within a particular coutry.

question

Intraregional migration

answer

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

question

Intervening obstacle

answer

An enviormental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

question

Isogloss

answer

A boundary that seperates regions in which different language usages predominate.

question

Isolate language

answer

A language tgat is unrelate to any other language and therefore not attached to any language family.

question

Labor intensive industry

answer

An industry from which labor costs make up a high percentage of total expenses.

question

Land Ordinanace of 1785

answer

A law that divided much of the USA into a system of townships to facilitate the sale o land to settlers.

question

Landlocked state

answer

A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.

question

Language

answer

A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.

question

Language branch

answer

A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or old as with language families, and archeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family.

question

Language family

answer

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.

question

Language group

answer

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origi in the relatively recent past and dispplay relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.

question

Latitude

answer

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator.

question

Less developed country (LDC)

answer

Also known as a developing country, a country that is at a relatively rearly stage in the process o economic development.

question

Life expectancy

answer

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical condictions. Life expectancy at birth is average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

question

Lingua franca

answer

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.

question

literacy rate

answer

the percentage of a country's people who can read and write

question

Location

answer

the position of anything on Earth's surface

question

Literary tradition

answer

a language that is written as well as spoken

question

Longitude

answer

the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measureing distance east and west of the prime meridian

question

Map

answer

a two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it

question

Maquiladora

answer

factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico

question

Market area (hinterland)

answer

the area surrounding a central place, from which ppl are attracted to use the place's goods and services

question

medical revolution

answer

medical technology invented in europe and north america that is diffued to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more ppl to live longer and healthier lives

question

mental map

answer

an internal representation of a portion of earth's surface

question

meridian

answer

an arc drawn on a map between the north and south poles

question

Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

answer

in the US, a central city of at least 50000 population, the county within which the city is located and adjacent countries meeting one o several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city

question

Micropolitan statistical area

answer

an urbanized area of btween 10000 and 50000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city

question

microstate

answer

a state that encompasses a very small land area

question

migration

answer

form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location

question

migration transition

answer

change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industralization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the domographic transition

question

milkshed

answer

the area surrounding a city from which milk is produced

question

missionary

answer

an individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion

question

mobility

answer

all types of movement from one location to another

question

monotheism

answer

the doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god

question

more developed country (MDC)

answer

a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of developement

question

multi-ethnic state

answer

state that contains more than one ethnicity

question

multinational state

answer

state that contains 2 or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recogniing each other as distinct nationalities

question

multiple nuclei model

answer

model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged aroudn a collection of nodes of activities

question

nationalism

answer

loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

question

nationality

answer

identity with a group of ppl that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a rsult of being born there

question

nation-state

answer

a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

question

natural increase rate (NIR)

answer

percentage growth of a population ina year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

question

net migration

answer

difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration

question

new international division of labor

answer

transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled worker, from more developed to less developed countries

question

nonbasic industries

answer

industries that sell their products primarily to consumers within the community

question

nonferrous

answer

metals utilized to make products other than iron and steel

question

nonrenewable energy

answer

a source of energy that is a finite supply capable of being exhausted

question

official language

answer

language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents

question

outsourcing

answer

a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsiblility for production to independent suppliers

question

overpopulation

answer

number of ppl in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

question

ozone

answer

gas that absorbs ultraviolet solarf radiation, found in the stratosphere

question

paddy

answer

malay word for wet rice

question

pagan

answer

follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times

question

pandemic

answer

disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of th epopulation

question

parallel

answer

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to meridians

question

passive solar energy systems

answer

solar energy system that collects energy without the use of mechanical devices

question

pastoral nomadism

answer

form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

question

pasture

answer

grass or othyer plants grown for feeding grazing animals

question

pattern

answer

geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area

question

perforated state

answer

a state that completely surrounds another one

question

peripheral model

answer

a model of north american urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road

question

photochemical smog

answer

atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions and pollution, especially from motor vehicle emissions

question

photovoltaic cell

answer

solar energy cells, usually made of silicon, that collect solar rays to generate electricity

question

physiological density

answer

number of ppl per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

question

pidgin language

answer

a form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited bocabulary ofr lingua franca, used for communications amond speakers of 2 different languages

question

pilgrimage

answer

journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

question

plantation

answer

large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country

question

polder

answer

land created by the dutch by draining water from an area

question

pollution

answer

addition of more waste than a resource caN ACCOMMODATE

question

polytheism

answer

belief in more than one god

question

popular culture

answer

culture found in a large, heterogenous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

question

population pyramid

answer

a bar graph representing the distribution of popuation by age and sex

question

polliblism

answer

theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but ppl have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives

question

post-fordist production

answer

adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks

question

potential reserve

answer

the amoung of energy in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist

question

preservation

answer

maintenance of a resource in its present condition, with as little human impact as possible

question

primary sector

answer

portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from earths' surface

question

primate city

answer

largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many ppl as the 2nd-ranking settlement

question

prime agricultural land

answer

most productive farmland

question

prime meridian

answer

meridian, designated as 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the royal observatory at greenwich, England

question

principal meridian

answer

a north-south line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the US

question

productivity

answer

value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it

question

projection

answer

system used to transfer locations from earth's surface to a flat map

question

prorupted state

answer

an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extention

question

proven reserve

answer

the amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits

question

public housing

answer

housing owned by the government; in the US, residents with low incomes--rents set at 30 percent of the family's income

question

public services

answer

services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

question

pull factor

answer

factor that induces ppl to move to a new location

question

push factor

answer

factor that induces ppl to leave old residences

question

quotas

answer

laws that place maximum limits on the number of ppl who can immigrate to a country each year

question

race

answer

identity with a group of ppl descended from a common anscestor

question

radioactive waste

answer

particles from a nuclear reaction that emit radiation

question

ranching

answer

form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

question

range (of a service)

answer

distance ppl are willing to travel to use a service

question

rank-size rule

answer

a pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement

question

reaper

answer

machine that cuts grain standing in the field

question

recycling

answer

separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of an unwanted material

question

redlining

answer

process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries

question

refugees

answer

ppl who are forced to migrate from their home country and cant return for fear of persecution

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regional studies

answer

approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area

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relocation diffusion

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spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of ppl from one place to another

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remote sensing

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acquisition of data about earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long distance methods

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renewable energy

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a resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans

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resource

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substance in the environment that is useful to ppl, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use

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ridge tillage

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system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote geeater soil conversion

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right-to-work state

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a US state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that rquires workers to join a union as a condition of employment

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rush hour

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the four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic

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sanitary landfill

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place to deposit solid waste, where a layer of earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emission of gases and odors from the decaying trash, to minimize fires, and to discourage vermin

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sawah

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flooded field for growing rice

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secondary sector

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portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials

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sect

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a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination

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section

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a square normally 1 mile on a side. Land Ordinance or 1785 divided townships in the US into 36 sections

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Sector model

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model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors radiating out from the CBD

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seed agriculture

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reproduciton of plants thorugh annhual introduciton of seeds

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self-determination

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concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

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sex ratio

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number of males per 100 females in a population

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sharecropper

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person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops

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shifting cultivation

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form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a few yeares then left fallow for a long period

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site

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the physical character of a place

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site factors

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location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant , LAND LABOR CAPITAL

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situation

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location of a place relative to other places

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situation factors

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location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory

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slash-and-burn agriculture

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fields cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

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smart growth

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legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

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solstice

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time when the sun is farthest from the equator

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sovereignty

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ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states

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space-time compression

answer

reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems

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