AP History Terms (The 17th and early 18th centuries) – Flashcards

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Evangelism
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The Christian practice of proselytization
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Indentured Servitude
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Received a free trip to the Americas in exchange for seven grueling years of service. If they survived, they were granted their freedom and sometimes a plot of land as well. About half died before they were freed.
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Joint-Stock Company
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A group of investors who bought the right to establish new world plantations from the king
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Mercantilism
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Exporting more than importing and keeping control of hard currency (as opposed to paper money)
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Middle Passage
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The shipping route that brought slaves to America. The "middle" leg of triangular trade
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Triangular Trade
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The three legs of trade from the New World, to Europe, to Africa, and then back to the New World once again. New World sent sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe. Europe sent textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa. Africa sent slaves to America.
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Proprietary Colony
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A colony given as a gift by the King
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Royal Colony
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A colony owned by the King of England
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Salutary Neglect
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The time preceding the French and Indian War. British had less governmental and military influence in the colonies at this time.
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Tariffs
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A tax on foreign goods upon importation
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Bacon's Rebellion
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The colonists felt that the colonial government was not trying hard enough to protect them from the Native Americans. A group led by Nathaniel Bacon first attacked two tribes and then turned their attentions to the colonial governor. The rebels marched into Jamestown and burned it down.
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Glorious Revolution in England
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The English overthrew King James II and replaced him with William and Mary
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Great Awakening
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The first movement of religious revival
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Great Migration
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The Puritan migration from England to Massachusetts Bay led by John Winthrop
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King Philip's War
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Led by Native American lead Metacomet (King Philip). He led attacks on colonial settlements that were on their land.
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King William's War
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War against French and Native Americans on Canadian border
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Pequot War
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The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.
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Salem Witchcraft Trials
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Nearly 130 "witches" were jailed or executed in Salem
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The Starving Time
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Settlers in Jamestown weren't used to working so that they could eat and so they began to starve. Some resorted to canibilism and others joined nearby tribes.
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Stono Uprising
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The first and most successful slave rebellion. It took place 70 years after slavery began in America
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Absolutists
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Monarchists who believed that the government got its power from God.
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Congregationalists
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Puritans who wanted to reform the church from within.
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Jonathan Edwards
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A Congregationalist preacher of the Great Awakening who spoke of the fiery depths of hell.
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Benjamin Franklin
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Self-made, self-educated man who wrote the Poor Richard's Almanac. He was also and inventor.
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Anne Hutchinson
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Believed in antinomialism which is the belief that faith alone was enough to receive God's grace. (not performing good deeds for the church)
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Pilgrims
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Wished to separate from the Church of England
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Pocahontas
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The daughter of the Powhatan Chief. She was married to Englishman John Rolfe.
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Powhatan
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The tribe that helped the Jamestown colony. They taught them how to plant crops and how to survive.
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Puritans
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Were interested in purifying and reforming the Church of England.
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Sponsored a settlement on Roanoke Island. (the Lost Colony)
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Separatists
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Were so appalled by the Church of England that they abandoned it.
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John Smith
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Founder of Jamestown
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George Whitefield
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Another preacher of the Great Awakening who was originally from England
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Roger Williams
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Founded Rhode Island Colony after being banished from Massachusetts for believing in separation of church and state.
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Charter Colony
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Established by groups of settlers who were granted charters by the king
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The Chesapeake
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Region named after the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia and Maryland area). Inhabited mostly by single male farmers. This area is between the middle and southern colonies.
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Jamestown
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The first lasting colony (since Roanoke Island was a failure) Founded by the Virginia Company (joint-stock company)
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The Lower South
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(Carolinas) Main industries: Tobacco, rice, indigo, and slavery.
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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A large and powerful colony formed by the Congregationalists
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Middle Colonies
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New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey. Nicknamed "Bread Colonies" because of their fertile soil.
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New England
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Northern colonies. They were more religious, and had more large families. They tended to have tight-knit communities, lived longer, had larger towns, and lived closer together.
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Dominion of New England
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British attempt to clamp down on illegal trade.
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
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It has the features of a written constitution, and is considered by some as the first written Constitution in the Western tradition
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Halfway Covenant
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People no longer had to have a religious epiphany to become a member of the church. If you were the son or daughter of a member of the church you could automatically become a member. Those who had not experienced God's grace could not vote though.
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Maryland Toleration Act
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Granted religious toleration in Maryland
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Mayflower Compact
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Basic legal system for colony: power came from the governed, not from a monarch or God
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Navigation Acts
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Colonists could only buy from England and must only sell to England
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