question

Al Qaeda means

answer

the base

question

When entrepreneurial politics shapes foreign policy, the central political arena is

answer

Congress

question

The constitutional power to declare war and to regulate commerce with other nations is vested in

answer

Congress

question

Presidential success with Congress on foreign policy matters, compared with presidential success on domestic matters, is

answer

somewhat greater

question

Which president ordered a U.S. invasion of Panama to depose the dictator Manuel Noriega?

answer

George H. W. Bush

question

An example of the relative weakness of U.S. presidents in foreign affairs, as compared with leaders of other nations, was

answer

Wilson's inability to lead the United States into the League of Nations

question

President __________ ordered the military to move Japanese Americans from their homes on the West Coast to "relocation centers."

answer

Franklin Roosevelt

question

When legal challenges were brought in regard to the executive order that Japanese Americans on the West Coast be sent to "relocation centers,"

answer

the U.S. Supreme Court declared the relocations constitutional.

question

The Supreme Court ruled that Harry Truman overstepped the bounds of wartime executive power when he

answer

seized steel mills.

question

According to the text, the most important check on presidential war power is

answer

the control of Congress over the purse strings.

question

The War Powers Act of 1973 mandates that

answer

All of the above are true.

question

Presidents have viewed the War Powers Act as

answer

being unconstitutional.

question

Which founding father was the nation's first secretary of state under George Washington?

answer

Jefferson

question

In the early years of the republic, foreign policy was often made and almost always carried out by

answer

the secretary of state.

question

The president's national security adviser and the National Security Council (NSC)

answer

Options A, B, C, and D are true.

question

The National Security Council includes all of the following EXCEPT the

answer

Speaker of the House

question

In this decision, the Supreme Curt ruled that American foreign policy is vested entirely in the federal government where the president has plenary power

answer

Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. v. United States

question

In this decision, the Supreme Court ruled that sending Japanese Americans to relocation centers during World War II was based on an acceptable military justification.

answer

Korematsu v US

question

America's general bent toward isolationism and attitudes about the War in Europe changed dramatically with

answer

the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

question

The American public and foreign policy leaders are most divided on the issue of

answer

expanding economic aid to other countries.

question

What was the public's response when police roughed up antiwar demonstrators at the 1968 Democratic convention?

answer

The public was overwhelmingly on the side of the police.

question

In 1946, __________ delivered the famous "iron curtain" speech in Fulton, Missouri, in which he summed up Soviet policy in Eastern Europe.

answer

Winston Churchill

question

When Bill Clinton came into office in 1992, he brought

answer

a disinterest in foreign policy.

question

The view that defense policy protects everyone, and that everyone pays for it, would typify defense policymaking as ___________ politics.

answer

majoritarian politics

question

The United States did not institute a peacetime draft until __________.

answer

1940

question

One factor that contributed to the feasibility of an all-volunteer force was

answer

rising civilian unemployment

question

Female personnel account for approximately _________ of the armed forces today.

answer

14 percent

question

In September of 2002, President George W. Bush issued a document formally announcing that the doctrine of __________ would guide American foreign policy in regard to the war on terror.

answer

preemption

question

The amount the government spends in excess of what it takes in each year is called the __________.

answer

deficit

question

In 2012, the national debt rose to over $__________ trillion.

answer

16

question

In 2011, Standard & Poor's, a credit ratings agency, issued

answer

a first-ever warning about America's national debt.

question

The health of the American economy creates __________ politics

answer

majoritarian

question

As a group, low-income people tend to vote

answer

Democratic.

question

In 2010, Barack Obama became the first president since __________ to be reelected despite an unemployment rate on election day that was higher than the unemployment rate on the day of his first inaugural

answer

Franklin Roosevelt

question

__________'s campaign aides often reminded each other, "It's the economy, stupid!"

answer

Bill Clinton

question

As a group, low-income people tend to be most concerned with __________.

answer

employment

question

When voting behavior and economic conditions correlate at the national but not at the individual level, it can be said that the voters are

answer

sociotropic, or other-regarding.

question

Milton Friedman believed that inflation occurs

answer

when too much money chases too few goods.

question

According to the monetarist theory, inflation occurs when

answer

demand exceeds supply.

question

When there is an economic downturn, this economic theory argues that the proper thing for government to do is increase demand through pumping more money into the economy by spending more than it takes in in taxes and by creating public-works programs.

answer

Keynesian economics

question

According to this economic theory, cutting taxes will increase people's incentive to work, save, and invest.

answer

Supply-side economics

question

In this important decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the president does not have the authority to seize private steel mills even during wartime.

answer

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer

question

The executive agency in charge of economic forecasting and preparing the president's annual economic report to Congress is the

answer

Council of Economic Advisers.

question

In theory, the Fed is

answer

independent of both the president and Congress.

question

This federal organization is primarily responsible for monetary policy.

answer

Federal Reserve Board (Fed).

question

Republicans tend to support free trade, but George W. Bush imposed sharp increases in the taxes that must be paid on imported steel because

answer

he wanted political support in states such as Ohio and Pennsylvania.

question

The fiscal year goes from

answer

October 1 to September 30

question

Since 1974, the purpose of congressional budget resolutions passed annually in May has been to

answer

set a ceiling on total spending.

question

Reagan's strategy in the budget battle of 1981 was to

answer

get Congress to vote for a total package of cuts before it voted for particular cuts.

question

The Gramm-Rudman Act was passed by Congress to

answer

eliminate deficit spending.

question

The term sequester refers to

answer

automatic, across-the-board percentage cuts in the budget.

question

The Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 required that all increases in nonentitlement spending be followed by

answer

decrease in spending on other discretionary programs or increase in taxes

question

Which statement best describes the tax burden in the United States?

answer

It is lower than it is in most other democratic nations.

question

When Congress first created a peacetime income tax (in 1895),

answer

the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional.

question

If a tax is progressive,

answer

the wealthiest individuals pay the highest rate.

question

High marginal tax rates have been offset by __________.

answer

All of the above

question

All of the following gave significant tax benefits to most taxpayers EXCEPT

answer

Schedule C deductions.

question

Contributing to the success of loophole politics prior to passage of the 1986 tax bill was the

answer

decentralized structure of Congress.

question

The big losers with respect to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 were __________.

answer

businesses

question

President ________ was notable for saying, "Read my lips. No new taxes."

answer

George H. W. Bush

question

By 2010, Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid together accounted for _________ of the federal budget.

answer

20 percent

question

The two main federal bureaucracies responsible for social welfare policies and programs are

answer

the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs.

question

__________ politics means that all or most people benefit and all or most pay.

answer

Majoritarian

question

__________ politics means only a few people, communities, or organizations benefit, and a few, communities, or organizations pay.

answer

Interest-group

question

The Constitution calls for the government to "promote the general Welfare" and "provide for the...general Welfare" in what two sections of the document?

answer

The Preamble and Article I, Section 8

question

In this landmark case, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress has broad discretion to tax and spend "in the aid of the 'general welfare.'"

answer

Helvering v. Davis

question

The Social Security Act became law in __________

answer

1935

question

The passage of the Medicare bill was made possible by

answer

a Democratic landslide in the 1964 elections.

question

Medicare became a cornerstone of Lyndon Johnson's __________.

answer

Great Society

question

One notable difference between the passage of Medicare (1965) and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) was

answer

the lack of bipartisan support for the 2010 Act.

question

Welfare policies in which a relatively few number of people benefit but almost everyone pays are characterized by

answer

client politics.

question

The Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program was created to help support the children of women

answer

whose husbands had perished in disasters.

question

Which program is popularly called Social Security?

answer

Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI)

question

Which of the following involves a cash subsidy to poor working families?

answer

Earned Income Tax Credit

question

Medicaid differs from Medicare in that it provides

answer

medical assistance to the poor.

question

Much of the antitrust legislation passed in this country, such as the Sherman Act (1890), has been the result of

answer

client politics.

question

The Reagan administration used the Sherman Act to make suit against __________.

answer

AT&T

question

The Taft-Hartley Act

answer

All of the above are true.

question

This body adjudicates disputes between labor and management over the interpretation of labor laws.

answer

The National Labor Relations Board

question

The text argues that agriculture subsidies are an example of

answer

client politics

question

Of the following, who advocated for consumer and environmental protections?

answer

All of the above are true

question

This policy entrepreneur's book Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile led to new regulations on the safety of automobiles.

answer

Ralph Nader

question

This president created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

answer

Richard Nixon

question

The environmental movement was launched, in part, in reaction to

answer

an oil spill on the beaches of Santa Barbara, California.

question

The Endangered Species Act of 1973 is primarily implemented by

answer

the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

question

Most of the debate surrounding the 1970 Clean Air Act centered on the issue of pollution from

answer

automobile tailpipes.

question

In this decision, the Supreme Court ruled that states should comply with EPA decisions, even if not explicitly authorized by statute, provided they are reasonable efforts to attain the goal of law.

answer

Chevron v. National Resources Defense Council

question

In this decision, the Supreme Court ruled that EPA rules must be observed without regard to their cost or technological feasibility.

answer

Union Electric Co. v. Environmental Protection Agency

question

The form of pollutant thought to be caused by the burning of high-sulfur coal by Midwestern power and industrial plants is

answer

acid rain

question

Which book raised public awareness about DDT?

answer

Silent Spring

AP Gov Test Chapters 17, 18, & 19 – Flashcards

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