A&P Final review 1 – Flashcards

____ is a slimy substance formed by goblet cells.

____ is a thin fluid produced between visceral and parietal membranes.

____ is intra-cellular material in which organelles are located.

____ is the liquid component of ground substances in connective tissue.

Which is true about cell Cytosol? a.) is all of the intracellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus of the cell. b.) Is a type of mixture known as a suspension because it consists of large solute particles which settle out of solution. c.) is a viscous semi-fluid intracellular material in which numerous proteins and electrolytes such as K+ are dissolved. d.) is a liquid extracellular material having a high concentration of Na+ ions and low concentration of K+ ions.

T/F, the *acidity* of a solution reflects the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

Carbohydrates are stored in the *liver* and *skeletal muscles* in the form _____.

Homeostasis in the condition in which the body maintains ______.

What structural level is represented by the coiling of the protein chain back bone into an alpha helix?

A structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions of the body is a(n) ______.

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ______.

A high fever causes an enzyme to lose its three dimensional *structure* and *function*. Which bonds are broken when a protein denatures?

Which is not true about the plasma membrane of a cell? a.) Protein embedded in the membrane participate in cellular functions such as helping adjacent cells adhere to each other. b.) forms a hydrophobic barrier that limits the passage of water-soluble solutes across the membrane. c.) is a bi-layer of phospholipid molecule oriented so that the polar phosphate heads face in toward the center of the membrane and the non-polar fatty acid tails face toward the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid. d.) is the outermost membrane of a cell.

An acid with a pH of 6 has ____ hydrogen ions then pure water.

Which describes the *Quaternary* structure for a protein? a.) the linear sequence of the amino acids along a polypeptide chain. b.) alpha helices formed within a polypeptide chain. c.) folding of a polypeptide chain to form a three denominational binding site. d.) aggregations of polypeptide chains (sub units) to form a complex protein.

Water, H2O, is a polar molecule. Oxygen is electronegative and hydrogen is electropositive. This means that _____. a.) the oxygen pulls electrons away from the hydrogen and oxygen becomes more negative. b.) the oxygen pulls electrons way from the hydrogen and oxygen becomes more positive.

*Every* class of connective tissue has _____.

Which describes epithelial tissue? a.) forms boundaries between different environments. b.) has a basal surface that is attached and an apical surface that is free (unattached). c.) all choices are correct. d.) readily regenerates to replace lost or damaged cells.

_____ are mature cartilage cells.

In order for something to be considered an organ structure it has to ______.

Tight junctions form a barrier in epithelial tissue that prevent what?

The statement that "the gallbladder is inferior to the liver" means that...

As the kidneys remove wastes from the blood, they also filter out water and solutes that must be absorbed and returned to the blood. Which structures increase the surface area of the kidney cells to absorb more water and solutes?

Which transport mechanism moves solutes down their concentration gradients (from high to low)? 1.) channel-mediated facilitated diffusion 2.) simple diffusion 3.) carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion 4.) primary active transport

_____ is when water diffuses down its concentration gradient but against the gradient of solutes.

____ transport is the movement of solutes that requires energy.

____ is when *lipid soluble* solutes passively move directly through the plasma membrane.

How do *carrier*- mediated facilitated diffusion (MFD) and *channel*-mediated diffusion (MFD) differ from each other?

Why is the concentration of K+ in intracellular fluid grater than its concentration in extracellular fluid?

____ is a bond in which electrons as shared unequally.

___ is a bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.

____ Is a bond in which electrons are shared equally.

____ is type or bond important in holding different parts of the same molecule (such as a protein) together in a three dimensional structure.

Which has simple squamous epithelium? 1.) epidermis of the skin 2.) visceral pleura 3.) lining of the esophagus 4.) alevoli of the lungs.

In anatomical terms saying that the wrist is proximal to the fingers means what?

Which of the following is a basic tissue type from which organs are formed? 1.) stratified squamous epithelial 2.) cartilage 3.) nervous tissue 4.) cardiac muscle 5.) bone

Failure of the ____ could result in cardiac muscle cells being *pulled apart* from each other as the heart beats.

T/F, epithelial cells obtain O2 and nutrients because they are supplied by blood vessels within an underlying layer of connective tissue.

The cranial cavity A.) is continuous with the vertebral cavity B.) is a closed body cavity C.) houses the brain D.) all choices are correct

_____ structure is the linear sequence of the amino acids along a polypeptide chain.

_____ structure is the folding of polypeptide chains into a 3D binding site.