AP Euro History Chapter 23
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Anti-Semitism
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Prejudice, hostility, or legal discrimination against Jews
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Baron Georges Haussman
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Appointed by Napoleon III to oversea the urban reconstruction of Paris. Part of the goal was to make it more difficult for radicals to barricade the streets.
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Blood Sunday
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In an effort of workers petitioning the Tsar to improve working conditions, ended up in a massacre at St. Petersburg killing 200 people
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Bolsheviks
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The faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party which were led by Lenin. The term means "majority". They will be able to seize power in Russia during WWI (1917) because the Tsar lost the support of the Russian people.
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Cholera
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The major health concern in urban areas during the 19th century. It impacted every class and the growing middle class was especially eager for a solution.
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Count Sergei Witte
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Served as Russia's Finance Minister during the 1890's and early 1900's. His program to modernize Russia included: 1. Planned economic development 2. Protective Tariffs 3. High Taxes 4. Adherence to the gold standard 5. Encouragement of innovation
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Duma
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A legislative body
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Eduard Bernstein
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Had doctrines known as revisionism
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Eiffel Tower (1889)
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An iron lattice tower constructed as a temporary entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair
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Fabian Society (Fabianism)
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The most influential socialist group in the late 19th century Great Britain. They advocated democratic gradualism and were proponents of "gas-and-water socialism"
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Ferdinand LaSalle
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Founded the German Social Democratic Party (SPD)
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German Social Democratic Party (SPD)
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Founded in 1875. Its origins can be traced to Ferdinand LaSalle and this party kept Marxist socialism alive during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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International Working Men's Association (First International) (1864-1876)
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Because activities, debates and statistics sponsored by this organization became so influential their support of Karl Marx would lead to Marxism becoming the dominant form of socialism in Europe.
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Joseph Lister
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Made discoveries in Britain associated with the bacterial theory of disease
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Karl Kantsky
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His ideological tutelage formulated the Erfurt Program of 1891
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Karl Marx (Marxism)
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Led the most dominant form of socialism in Europe
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Kulaks
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Many free peasants with too little land to support their families had to work on large estates owned by nobles or for more prosperous peasant farmers known as this
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Lenin
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Led the Bolsheviks faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, wrote What is to be Done?
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Louis Pasteur
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Made discoveries in France associated with the bacterial theory of disease
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Mensheviks
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"Minority" faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party
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Napoleon III
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Personally determined to redesign Paris. He appointed Haussman to oversee a vast urban reconstruction program
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Nicholas II
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He dismissed Witte and his government managed to confront political upheaval more or less successfully
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Otto Von Bismarck
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Took measures that repressed the SPD
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Petite Bourgeoisie (Lower Middle Class)
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"White-collar workers"
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Pograms
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Organized riots
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Revisionism
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Bernstein's doctrines that generated heated debate among German socialists, who finally condemned them
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Robert Koch
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Made discoveries in Germany associated with the bacterial theory of disease
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Russian Revolution of 1905
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Was triggered in part by the Bloody Sunday shooting of January, 1905 led Nicholas II to issue the October Manifesto which called for a constitutional government and the Creation of a Duma-a legislative body
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Russian Social Democratic Party
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Party that greatly admired the German Social Democratic Party and adopted its Marxist ideology
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Second Industrial Revolution
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Associated with the following: 1. Steel 2. Chemicals 3. Electricity 4. Oil There were two major developments that impacted the lives of women during this: 1. A large expansion in the variety of jobs available to women 2. The withdrawal of man married women from the work force
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Soviets
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Worker groups that controlled St. Petersburg
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Suburbs
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The development of this was a response to: 1. The reorganization of cities for business and governmental purposes 2. Increasing congestion of urban areas 3. Improved railway systems connecting city to suburbs 4. The cleaning of slums
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Suffragettes
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Followers of the Women's Social and Political Union, that lobbied publicly and privately for extending the vote to women
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Unemployment
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There were pockets of ____________, and strikes ad other forms of labor unrest were common. These economic difficulties fed the growth of trade unions and socialist political parties
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What is to be Done? (1902)
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In this book Lenin: 1. Criticized trade unions that settled short-term gains 2. Rejected the idea of a mass democratic party composed of workers 3. Advocated an elite group that would be dedicated to revolution 4. Demanded strict secrecy among party members
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Zemstvos
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The Constitutional Democratic Party, or Cadets, drew its members from those who participated in local council called this
