AP Euro 1st Semester Final Study Guide – Flashcards
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Holy Roman emporor who led the sack of Rome
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Charles V
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Charles V's troops sacked Rome, challenging the power of the catholic church
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Sack of Rome
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Sack of Rome
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1527
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Humanism, Secularism, Individualism
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Three ideas of renaissance
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Author of, the courtier
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Castiglione
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Christopher Columbus reaches the Americas
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1492
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Author of, The Prince
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Machiavelli
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One of three who experimented at Mainz
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Guteberg
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He punned on the word utopia
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Thomas More
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Humanist influenced by John Colet
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Erasmus
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Completed reconquista in Spain
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Ferdinand and Isabella
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Disputation of the power and efficacy of indulgences
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95 theses
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95 theses
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1517
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Trail for Martin Luther at worms
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Diet of Worms
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Peasants demands to their owners
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12 articles
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Battle between France and the Hapsburg empire, held in Itally
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Hapsburg- Valois Wars
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A result of the reformation, dividing Europe into the roman catholic church and the new Lutheran church
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Peace of Augsburg
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Sided with the peasants, did not want a rebellion, started Calvinism
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John Calvin
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Believed that only adults could make a decision about faith
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Anabaptist
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Son of Henry VII who becomes king and dies a 15
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Edward VI
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Restoration of roman Catholicism
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Mary Tutor
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Reaction to the rise and spread of Protestantism
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Catholic Counter-reformation
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Fought between French catholics and Protestants
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French civil wars
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Fought between Henry III of France, Henry of Navarre, and Henry I, duke of Guise
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War of the 3 Henry's
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Granted to Huguenots liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship in 150 fortified towns
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Edict of Nantes
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Edict of Nantes
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1598
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Defeat of the Spanish
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1588
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Married to Margret of Volois, help reconcile Catholics and Huguenots
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Henry of Navarre
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Go against Spain
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Revolt of Netherlands
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One of the most devistating battles in Europe
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30 years war
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Two incidents in the history of Bohemia
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Defenestration of Prague
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30 Years War
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1618-1648
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Series of treaties ending the 30 year war
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Peace do Westphlia
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Famous for the voyages of discovery and that he organized and financed
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Prince Henry the navigator
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A period of art and literature
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Spanish Golden Century
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A period of rapid inflation, prices went way up
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Price Revolution
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Took throne at 18, executed his mother and followers
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Louis XIII
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The sun king, longest reign
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Louis XIV
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Created by Louis XIV
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Palace of Versailles
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War tho see who would be king of Spain
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War of Spanish Succession
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Couldn't maintain land, wasted money, high taxes
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Decline of Spain
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Reasponse to the effects of the reformation
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English Civil war
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Parlment Overthrows James II
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Glorious revolution
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Glorious revolution
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1688-1689
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Federation of seven states of the Netherlands
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Dutch republic
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Hapsburg win and expand east
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Siege of Vienna
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Law says that all Hapsburg land will passed to an heir
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Pragmatic sanction
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Builds best army in Europe, loves discipline, called Sparta of the north
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Fredrick William I
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Chaos in Russia, Sweden invades, rossacks invade
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Time of troubles
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Main was to modernize Russia, creates navy, invades russia
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Peter the great
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Russia invades Sweden and wins
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Great north war
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Creates Geocentric theory, said earth was center of the universe
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Aristotle
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Created the heliocentric theory, said that sun was the center of the universe
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Copernicus
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Said that planets orbit in ovals, and don't orbit at uniform speed
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Kepler
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All objects fall at the same rate
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Galileo
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Newtons law of universal gravity
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Newton
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I think therefore I am
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Bacon and Descartes
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Hobbes assumed against all Natural law theorist
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Hobbes vs Locke
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Persian letters, separation of powers, checks and balance system, "spirit of the law"
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Montesquieu
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Wrote 50+ books, exiled from England and Prussia, lived with Fredrick the great, hated religious tolerance
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Voltaire
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Encyclopedia
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Denis Diderot
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French aristocrat excluded from the royal academy of sciences because of her gender. Studied physics and mathematics. translated Principia into French. companion of Voltaire.
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Madame du chatelet
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Individual freedom, social contract
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Rousseau
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Prussia invades Austria, doubles its size
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Fredrick II
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Prussia invades Austria, Prussia wins, doubled its size
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War of Austrian succession
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Ausria, France and Russia vs Prussia and England
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7 years war
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German princess
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Catherine the great
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Three territorial divisions of Poland, perpetrated by Russia, Prussia, and Austria
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Partition of Poland
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Unified church and state
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Maria Theresa
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Freedom of religion, abolished serfdom
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Joseph II
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Comes to power when 5, nobles get power, parliament comes back
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Louis XV
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Putting fences around fields
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Enclosure movement
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3 states sent representatives to Versailles
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Estates general
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3rd estate
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National assembly
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Wrote pamphlet called what is the third estate
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Abbe sieyes
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Metric system, paper money, economic liberty, nationized the church, equality in law
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Declaration of the rights of man
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Storming of the Bastille, marks start of the French revolution
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July 14, 1789
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Worshiped Jacobi, was like a colt
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Jacobins
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1815
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Congress of vienna
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1848
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Revolutions in Europe
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1905 revolutions
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Revolutions in Russia
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Mazzini
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Believed that in laboring according to the true principles of our country we are laboring for humanity
