question

The first step in the process of olfaction is __________.

answer

an odorant molecule binding to a specific protein

question

Which of the flowing explanations best describes why olfaction can elicit powerful emotional responses?

answer

Olfactory information is relayed directly to the hypothalamus and limbic system

question

Which of the following is true of olfactory discrimination?

answer

The number of olfactory receptors decline as we age

question

All of the following are true of olfactory pathways except which one?

answer

They project first to the occipital lobes and then to the thalamus

question

Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors?

answer

olfaction

question

How would a molecule that mimics cAMP affect an olfactory receptor?

answer

It would open chemically-gated sodium channels. It could trigger an afferent action potential. It would depolarize the olfactory receptor. It would increase sodium permeability. *ALL

question

Which of the following statements about smell is true?

answer

Basal cells are the supporting cells for the receptors cells of the olfactory receptor

question

The olfactory receptors are highly modified

answer

sensory neurons

question

Which of the following is involved in the gustatory perception of an amino acid?

answer

umami receptors

question

Gustatory receptors are found in __________.

answer

some lingual papillae

question

Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations?

answer

peppery

question

Identify the fluid filled space between the cornea and iris.

answer

anterior chamber

question

Identify the structure that regulates the amount of light entering the posterior segment of the eye.

answer

iris

question

Identify the areas that are filled with aqueous humor.

answer

The anterior and posterior chambers

question

The iris divides the eye into the anterior and posterior segments.

answer

False

question

The pupil can adjust its size independent of the iris.

answer

False

question

Identify the parts of the fibrous layer.

answer

Sclera and cornea

question

Identify the structure that allows light to first enter the eye.

answer

cornea

question

Name the largest portion of the fibrous layer.

answer

sclera

question

Which cranial nerve carries visual information from the eyeball to the brain?

answer

optic nerve

question

Only the fibrous layer can be observed in its entirety from the superficial surface of the cow eye.

answer

true

question

Identify the muscular structure that anchors the lens in place.

answer

ciliary body

question

Where is the vitreous body located?

answer

posterior segment

question

Identify the neural layer.

answer

retina

question

Which of the following structures is highly vascular?

answer

choroid

question

Which of the following regions is known as the blind spot?

answer

optic disc

question

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the vitreous body.

answer

consists of thin, watery fluid

question

Which of the following cells form the deepest layer of the neural part of the retina?

answer

ganglionic cells

question

In a condition called detached retina, the neural part of the retina separates from the pigmented part. Blindness may result if blood supply to the photoreceptors cannot be restored. These photoreceptors are called?

answer

rods & cones

question

In glaucoma, increasing pressure due to fluid build-up in the chambers of the eye can lead to nerve damage and ultimately lead to blindness. What is the name of the fluid in the anterior chamber?

answer

aqueous humor

question

Which of these is the correct pathway for transmission of visual information?

answer

photoreceptor ( bipolar cell ( ganglion cell

question

The "white" of the eye is part of the __________ layer.

answer

fibrous

question

Which of these functions does the vascular layer serve?

answer

It regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. It controls the shape of the lens. It supports blood vessels and lymphatics. *ALL

question

Which of the following is false concerning lacrimal glands?

answer

They produce a strongly hypertonic fluid

question

What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision?

answer

ciliary body

question

The neural tunic of the eye

answer

contains the photoreceptor cells. contains bipolar cells. contains ganglion cells. is the deepest layer of the eyeball. *ALL

question

The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by

answer

changing shape

question

The space between the cornea and the iris is the

answer

anterior chamber

question

The ________ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye.

answer

conjunctiva

question

In the human eye, most refraction occurs when light passes through the

answer

cornea

question

An area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the

answer

fovea

question

The cornea is part of the

answer

fibrous tunic

question

Trace the circulation of aqueous humor from the site of production to the site of where it is reabsorbed. 1. posterior chamber 2. anterior chamber 3. ciliary body 4. canal of Schlemm 5. pupil

answer

3,1,5,2,4

question

Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ________, and sympathetic activation causes ________.

answer

constriction;dilation

question

During accommodation, the ciliary muscle ________ and the suspensory ligaments become ________ which, in turn, cause the lens to become ________.

answer

contracts;loose;round

question

During accommodation, the ciliary muscle ________ causing the ciliary body to move ________ and apply ________ tension on the lens.

answer

contracts;forward;less

question

A(n) ________ is an infection in one of the glands on the eyelids.

answer

sty

question

The abnormality that develops when a lens loses its transparency is known as

answer

a cataract

question

An irregularity in curvature in the cornea or lens, called ________, causes a reduction in visual acuity.

answer

astigmatism

question

All visual pigments contain __________ derived from __________.

answer

retinal;Vitamin A

question

When a rod is stimulated by light,

answer

less neurotransmitter is released. the retinal changes from the 11-cis to the 11-trans form. cGMP decreases and sodium channels close. the plasma membrane becomes hyperpolarized. **ALL

question

When all three cone populations are stimulated equally, we perceive

answer

white

question

Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound

answer

rhodopsin

question

Where are the visual pigments located in the rods and cones?

answer

inside membrane discs stacked in the outer segment

question

A young child has been diagnosed with a recessive hereditary disease that results in destruction of the geniculate nucleus. The result of this would be

answer

partial loss of vision

question

Which of the following structures is least likely to be involved in motion sickness?

answer

cochlear duct

question

Which of the following conditions bests describes the effects of damage to the cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII?

answer

The person would have a problem perceiving the range of sound intensities. The person would have problems detecting the pitch of a sound. The person would have a limited range of detecting the frequency of sound. **ALL

question

Relative movement of the __________ in the semicircular ducts signals rotation of the head.

answer

endolymph

question

The receptors responsible for auditory sensations are located in a structure called the __________.

answer

spiral organ

question

The axons that carry the sense of balance synapse first in the __________.

answer

vestibular nucleus

question

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term basilar membrane?

answer

moves up and down due to currents in the perilymph

question

The auditory ossicles connect the

answer

tympanic membrane to the oval window

question

The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the

answer

auditory tube or Eustachian tube

question

The structure that forms the "roof" of the organ of Corti is the

answer

tectorial membrane

question

Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the

answer

saccule and utricle

question

The sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located in the

answer

ampullae

question

Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals

answer

signals and rational movements

question

Low frequency sounds stimulate hair cells on which part of the basilar membrane?

answer

the distal end

question

Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers will stimulate receptors in the

answer

utricle and saccule

question

The frequency of a perceived sound depends on

answer

which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated

question

Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the

answer

tympanic membrane

question

The secretion commonly called earwax is produced by ________ glands.

answer

ceruminous

question

The hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the

answer

organ of corti

question

________ deafness occurs because of a problem in the cochlea or somewhere along the auditory pathway.

answer

nerve

question

The cochlear receptors that provide our sense of hearing are

answer

hair cells

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