ap ch32 – History – Flashcards

In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure.

an Argentine revolutionary leader who was Fidel Castro's chief lieutenant in the Cuban revolution

Roman Catholic Archbishop of Olinda and Recife. He was known as the 'Bishop of Corum' and took a clear position with the urban poor. In 1959 he founded Banco da Providência in Rio de Janeiro, a philanthropic organization that still exists fighting poverty and social injustices. He is famous for stating, "When I give food to the poor, they call me a saint. When I ask why they are poor, they call me a communist." Camara's short tract, Spiral of Violence (1971), was written at the time of the Vietnam War

This British territory is a group of over 100 islands in the southern Atlantic off the coast of Argentina. In 1982 Argentina invaded these islands, but they were defeated in a 2 month long undeclared war by the British and had to withdraw.

Cuban revolutionary leader who overthrew the corrupt regime of the dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 and soon after established a Marxist socialist state. He was prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and has been president of the government and First Secretary of the Communist Party since 1976.

a Cuban president, dictator, and military leader supported by the US, serving as leader until being overthrown as a result of the Cuban Revolution. His corrupt and repressive regime systematically profited from the exploitation of cuba's commercial interests. As a result, his July 26th Movement and other rebelling elements led a guerilla uprising against his regime which culminated in his eventual defeat.

Short termed President of Guatemala...Implemented a Land Reform Policy which mainly targeted the United Fruit Company by taking "uncultivated land"...US saw him as a communist threat...though to have ties with the Soviet Union...CIA Launches coup in 1954 to eject him from Presidency

President of Argentina (1946-1955, 1973-1974). As a military officer, he championed the rights of labor. Aided by his wife Eva Duarte Peron, he was elected president in 1946. He built up Argentinean industry, became very popular among the urban poor.

Military leader of Panama's National Guard who became so involved in the drug trade that President George Bush sent U.S. troops to Panama in 1989 and was sent to prison in the U.S. for drug trafficking.

Chilean poet that wrote about everyday objects such as rain tomatoes and socks that won the Nobel Prize author of "we are many"

It was a 1982 war between Argentina and the United Kingdom. The conflict resulted from the long-standing dispute over the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands. Patriotic sentiment ran high in Argentina, but the outcome prompted large protests against the ruling military government, which hastened its downfall. In the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government was bolstered by the successful outcome.

Grenada was a small Latin country where a communist government had taken power. Reagan invaded the country in protest of communist expansion, showing that he was not pursuing détente.

adpoted on December 10th, 1948, all members of the General Assembly accepted the policies proclaimed in the declaration and set about to display it in public places such as schools, despite the political situation of the country

(1958) A political revolution that removed the United States supported Fugencio Batista from power. The revolution was led by Fidel Castro who became the new leader of Cuba as a communist dictator.

The national government of Mexico coalesced into one single governing party; Party of the Institutionalized Revolution; dominant political party in Mexico; incorporated labor, peasant, military, and middle-class sectors; controlled other political organizations in Mexico.

Archbishop of El Salvador also known as the defender of the poor. He was assassinated on March 24th as he celebrated mass. (Was a leading figure in Liberation Theology - a progressive current of the Catholic Church. Emerged in 1968 and their motto is "a preferential option for the poor" which is to say that the church should always think of the poor first and should become a social advocate of its poor parishioners. He was killed in 1980 while giving mass and the national police also opened fire on civilians going to mourn his death at the church. This is the point at which civilians begin to realize that the paramilitaries are in power and there begins to be a lot of consciousness of mysterious disappearances of civilians).

company in the 1950s in which many U.S. citizens hold stocks in, controlled half the land in Guatemala and provided many jobs...when the government of Guatemala wanted to take the land, the U.S. intervened and over threw the government

Guerilla movement named in honor of Emiliano Zapata; originated in 1994 in Mexico's southern state of Chiapas; government responded with a combination of repression and negotiation

revolutionary organization planned and led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara that in 1959 overthrew the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba. The Movement fought the Batista regime on both rural and urban fronts.

Franklin D. Roosevelt policy in which the U.S. pledged that the U.S. would no longer intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American countries. This reversed Teddy Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy.

2003-2011 president, founder of Worker's party, conservative, Growth Acceleration Program for investment, invested in infrastructure and modernization, only 4th grade educated, sustained Brazil's growth during 2007-10 economic crisis

President who stressed human rights. Because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow created the Department of Energy and the Department of Education.

governments and economies that benefitted from the United Fruit Company, so some people began calling the Central American nations this

elected president of mexico from National Action party in 2000, ending the political control of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), he advocated reforming the police, rooting out political corruption, ending the rebellion in chipas and opening Mexico's economy to free-market forces. Urged that the U.S. should legalize the status of millions of illegal Mexican immigrant workers.

• Colombian socialist, Roman Catholic priest, a predecessor of liberation theology and a member of the National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrilla organisation.During his life, he tried to reconcile revolutionary Marxism and Catholicism.Torres was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1954, but continued to study for some years at the Pontifical Catholic University of Leuven (Louvain) in Belgium.When he returned to Colombia, he increasingly felt obliged to actively support the cause of poor and the labouring class. Camilo Torres believed that in order to secure justice for the people, Christians had a duty to use violent action.

a former governor of Brazil who helped the Revolution of 1930. He called for a national assembly to write a new constitution. It reduced the political autonomy of states, granted suffrage and labor rights. In a response to the communist-led revolt in late 1935, he made himself a dictator and later announced a new constitution; dictator of Brazil that allied himself with the working poor, wages and workers' benefits, favored labor unions, and gave women the right to vote, eventually toppled by the military. 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1954. Defeated in the presidential election of 1930, he overthrew the government and created Estado Novo ('New State'), a dictatorship that emphasized industrialization.

Translates into "Shining Path." It is the name of a vicious Maoist guerrilla movement in Peru. Known for terrorizing the countryside and the capital starting in 1980 and massacring thousands of civilians by both guerrilla and government forces.

President of Chile from 1970 to 1973, a member of the Socialist Party, he attempted to institute a number of democratic reforms in Chilean politics. He was overthrown and assassinated in 1973 during a military coup lead by General Augusto Pinochet.

(JFK) 1961,, a program in which the United States tried to help Latin American countries overcome poverty and other problems, money used to aid big business and the military

a movement within the Catholic church to understand Christianity from the perspective of the poor and oppressed, with a focus on fighting injustice

cuban revolutionaries known for their beards, have the goals of a socialist economy to fight the power structure fighters in the July 26th movement

president of Venezuela since 1999

A dedication to a nation's interests and culture.

Term applied to a group of "developing" or "underdeveloped" countries who professed nonalignment during the Cold War.

His philosophy of "spiritual socialism," referred to as Arevalísmo, may be considered less an economic system than a movement toward the liberation of the imagination of oppressed Latin America. In the post-World War II period, internationalist players such as the United States regarded Arevalísmo socialism as Communism, and therefore cause for unease and alarm, which garnered support from neighboring satellite caudillos such as Anastasio Somoza García.emocracy, according to Arévalo, was a social structure that required the restriction of civil rights in the event individual liberties conflict with national security and the will of the majority. The limit on civil rights appears contradictory to the notion of a Guatemalan government that expresses the free will of the people.

A conservative party, in Mexican politics that was founded in 1939 and until the early 1990's played the role of loyal opposition. Its policies were pro-clerical, pro-American, and pro-business, favoring a limited government role in the economy and the promotion of private land ownership rather than communal ownership. ended nearly 60 years a single-party rule in Mexico.