AP 30 – Flashcard
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Regarding potassium balance: A) the primary mechanism of potassium secretion involves diffusion. B) roughly 98 percent of the potassium content of the human body is in the ECF. C) the activity of ion pumps is regulated by circulating levels of rennin. D) it exists when the rate of urinary potassium excretion matches the rate of digestive tract absorption.
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D) it exists when the rate of urinary potassium excretion matches the rate of digestive tract absorption.
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Secretion of potassium into the urine is A) increased by aldosterone. B) associated with the reabsorption of sodium from the C) distal tubules and collecting ducts. D) reduced when the exchange pump binds H+. E) all of the above F) none of the above
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B) associated with the reabsorption of sodium from the
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A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n) A) buffer. B) acid. C) alkali. D) compensation. E) electrolyte.
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A) buffer.
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When the pH of blood plasma is at 7.50: A) dangerous peripheral vasodilation occurs. B) the blood is within normal pH range. C) the physiological state is called acidosis. D) alkalemia exists.
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D) alkalemia exists.
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Protein buffer systems: A) depend on the ability of amino acids to respond to pH changes by accepting or releasing H+. B) function to protect against the effects of the organic and fixed acids generated through metabolic activity. C) have an important role in buffering the pH of the ICF and of urine. D) increase the rate of pH change.
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A) depend on the ability of amino acids to respond to pH changes by accepting or releasing H+.
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The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to A) limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids. B) buffer stomach acid. C) increase ventilation. D) buffer the urine. E) buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide.
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A) limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
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Which statement accurately describes responses to metabolic acidosis? A) Conversion of water to carbonic acid occurs. B) The renal response to acidosis involves secreting HCO3-. C) The respiratory response to acidosis involves lowering the PCO2. D) The renal response to acidosis involves absorbing H+ ions.
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C) The respiratory response to acidosis involves lowering the PCO2.
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In the renal response to metabolic acidosis: A) bicarbonate ions and sodium ions are removed from the ECF. B) Carbon dioxide generated by the tubule cell is added to the oxygen diffusing into the cell. C) the renal tubule cells increase the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the ECF. D) the hydrogen ions exchanged for bicarbonate ions are excreted in the tubular fluid.
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C) the renal tubule cells increase the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the ECF.
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Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by A) the liver. B) buffers. C) the feces. D) the kidneys. E) sweating.
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D) the kidneys.
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Severe kidney damage (such as glomerulonephritis) often leads to A) metabolic alkalosis. B) metabolic acidosis. C) respiratory alkalosis. D) respiratory acidosis.
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B) metabolic acidosis.
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Hypoventilation leads to A) metabolic alkalosis. B) respiratory acidosis. C) metabolic acidosis. D) respiratory alkalosis.
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B) respiratory acidosis.
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A patient on a ventilator subjected to excessive minute volume is at risk for A) metabolic acidosis. B) respiratory acidosis. C) metabolic alkalosis. D) respiratory alkalosis.
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D) respiratory alkalosis.
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Which of the following is an extensive mesentery that attaches to the sides and floor of the pelvic cavity? A) suspensory ligament B) ovarian ligament C) mesovarium D) broad ligament
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D) broad ligament
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Which uterine structure provides much of the force needed to move a fetus out of the uterus and into the vagina? A) endometrium B) cervical canal C) myometrium D) perimetrium
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C) myometrium
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The inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the A) fundus. B) isthmus. C) cervix. D) body. E) fornix.
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C) cervix.
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During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, A) the corpus luteum is forming. B) the functional zone of the endometrium is restored. C) the fertilized ovum implants. D) all of the above E) none of the above
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B) the functional zone of the endometrium is restored.
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The vulva includes all of the following, except the A) clitoris. B) vagina. C) labia majora. D) labia minora. E) mons pubis.
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B) vagina.
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The clitoris A) is derived from the same embryonic structures as the penis in males. B) engorges with blood during sexual arousal. C) is topped by a small erectile glans. D) contains erectile tissue comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis. E) all of the above
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E) all of the above
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During the menses A) secretory glands and blood vessels develop in the endometrium. B) the corpus luteum is most active. C) a new uterine lining is formed. D) the old functional layer is sloughed off. E) progesterone levels are high.
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D) the old functional layer is sloughed off.
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Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of A) FSH. B) progesterone. C) inhibin. D) LH. R) relaxin.
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B) progesterone.
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The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers A) menstruation. B) follicle maturation. C) menopause. D) atresia. E) ovulation.
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E) ovulation.
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Which is correct regarding surgical sterilization in males? A) The failure rate is approximately 20 percent. B) Spermatozoa do not continue to develop after surgical sterilization is complete. C) Decreased sexual function in men typically occurs after vasectomy. D) In a vasectomy, each ductus deferens is cut and either a segment is removed (and the ends tied or cauterized) or silicone plugs are inserted.
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D) In a vasectomy, each ductus deferens is cut and either a segment is removed (and the ends tied or cauterized) or silicone plugs are inserted.
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Choose the correct statement regarding testicular cancer. A) Testicular cancer is the most common cancer among males aged 15-35. B) More than 95 percent of testicular cancers result from abnormal nurse cells, interstitial cells, or other testicular cells. C) Screening with periodic PSA tests is recommended. D) The combination of lower testosterone levels and the presence of estrogens probably stimulates testicular cancer.
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A) Testicular cancer is the most common cancer among males aged 15-35.
