A&P 1 Midterm Ch 2 – Flashcards
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Atomic weight of an element the contains 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is
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16
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The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
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neutrons
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The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of
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2 electrons
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An atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will
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lose 3 electrons from its second shell
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AB---->A+B
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decomposition reaction
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A solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions
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Neutral
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Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are
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Acids
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A chemical reaction in which pairs of different molecules trade positions
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Exchange reaction
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substances that ionize when dissolved in water
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Electrolytes
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measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
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pH scale
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the most abundant inorganic substance in cells
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water
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A person has alkalosis if the blood pH
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rises about 7.4
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Matter is composed of ____, which are composed of _____
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elements; atoms
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Atomic number equals the number of ______ and atomic weight equals the ____
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protons; number of protons plus neutrons
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Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
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growth of body parts
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atoms share pairs of electrons
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covalent bond
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a 10 fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration separates each whole number, the lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration, pH values about 7 are basic, pH values below 7 are acidic.
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On the pH scale
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Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of
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cations
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An acid reacting with a base
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exchange reaction
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Organic molecules ____, whereas inorganic molecules ____ carbon
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contain carbon; do not contain
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releases energy from glucose during cellular respiration
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In the body, oxygen
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Contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen, provide much of the energy that the cell requires, often are stored as reserve energy supplies, include sugars and starches
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carbohydrates
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has a molecular formula of C6H12O6
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a simple carbohydrate
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are insoluble in water, include phospholipids, cholesterol, and fats, contain C, H, and O, but with proportionately less oxygen than in carbohydrates, and are organic.
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Lipids
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a protein can denature when
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weak hydrogen bonds break
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What is not organic?
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Oxygen
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Saturated fats _______ than unsaturated
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have more single carbon-carbon bonds
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are structural materials, are chemical messengers, contain C,H,O, & N & sometimes sulfur, can function as enzymes
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Proteins
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Bases reacting with acids form ________ and water.
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electrolytes
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protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted
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Enzyme
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stores genetic information.
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DNA
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composed of building blocks called nucleotides
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Nucleic acids
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Nucleic acids include
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RNA & DNA
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DNA & RNA differ in that
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DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein
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An organic compound contains
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Carbon and hydrogen
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Carbon can form ___ covalent bonds
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4
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What is not a monosaccharide?
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Glycogen
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A triglyceride consists of
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A triglyceride consists of
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Which compound is not hydrophilic
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lipids
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The symbol Na+ represents a sodium atom that has lost an electron.
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True
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At atom that has gained or lost electrons
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ion
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Water is an example of a compound
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True
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What is the number of protons in an atom of sodium?
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11
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If chlorine has the atomic mass of 35 and the atomic number of 17: What is the number of neutrons in chlorine
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18
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the sub-atomic particles with "no mass"
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electrons
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the sub-atomic particle that the atomic number is based on
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protons
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What is the atomic mass of an atom with 23 protons, 24 neutrons, and 25 electrons?
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47
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How many electrons are in the outer energy level of an electrically neutral oxygen atom?
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6
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cation
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the name given to any positively charged ion
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type of bond is formed by the transfer of electrons
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ionic
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negatively charged ion
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anion
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Refers to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses
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Isotope
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Atomic weight of an element the contains 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is
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beryllium
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Is an atom of potassium more likely to become a cation or anion?
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cation
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type of reaction is demonstrated as A + BC --> AC + B
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single replacement
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smallest unit of matter
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atom
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A total of how many electrons are needed to fill the outer shell of most atoms
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8
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type of bond is found between the bases in a DNA molecule
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Hydrogen
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type of protein aids in chemical reactions without itself being used up
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Enzyme
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If a protein's shape is changed then it has been___________.
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denatured
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An atom, to become stable, is always trying to fill it's ___________.
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outer energy level of electrons
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A + B ---> AB is an example of a
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synthesis reaction
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A chemical bond that involves the transfer of electrons
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Ionic Bond
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What is not a type of carbohydrate
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glycerol
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Sucrose is a type of
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Disaccharide
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What is not a major class of organic compound
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fat
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Glycogen is most similar to
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starch
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Substances that enter into a chemical reaction are
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Reactants
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can form 4 covalent bonds
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Carbon
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A nonsymmetrical distribution of electrical charges
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Polar
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All carbohydrates are composed of
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H O C
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NaOH + HCl ----> NaCl + H2O is an example of
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Double replacement
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The most abundant element in living things
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Oxygen
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Inorganic substance that is a waste product in respiratio
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Carbon Dioxide
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We get most of our food energy from
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Carbohydrates
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Glycogen, a major nutrient reserve of animals, is an example of a
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Polysaccharide
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the steroid that helps to form other steroids
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Cholesterol
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The bond between amino acids is a/an
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Covalent bond and Peptide bond
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Simple sugars
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Monosaccharide & Glucose
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RNA and DNA are together known as this type of organic compound
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Nucleic Acids
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pH scale ranges from
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0-14
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is not a part of a nucleotide
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carboxyl group
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occurs by repeatedly forming peptide bonds that link individual amino acids together into a chain
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Polymerization
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A pH of 3 is
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strong acid
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Lipids are important as
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Membrane components & Energy Molecules
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Fats are best described as being composed of
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glycerol and saturated fatty acids
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has a hydrophobic and a hydrophyllic portion
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Phospholipid
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If an atom had the atomic number 14 and atomic mass of 27, how many protons, neutrons, and electrons would it have
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14, 13, 14
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Enzymes are
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Proteins and catalysts
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composed of C,H, and O in which there are twice as many H to O
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Carbohydrates
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refers to the "water loving" nature of the phospholipid head
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Hydrophillic
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The 4 organic compounds
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nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins
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chemical that resists pH changes
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buffer
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Which element is inert
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Ne
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The building blocks of proteins
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Amino Acids
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The assembly of irreversibly denatured protein molecules results in formation of a _________
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Solid Gel
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