question

Biochemistry is the study of

answer

chemical reactions in organisms

question

Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because

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We eat chemicals, body functions reflect cellular fuctions that reflect chemical changes, drugs are chemicals, chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients

question

Which substance is an element

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Iron

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account for more that 95% of the human body

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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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Atomic weight of an element the contains 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is

answer

16

question

The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of

answer

neutrons

question

The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of

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2 electrons

question

An atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will

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lose 3 electrons from its second shell

question

AB---->A+B

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decomposition reaction

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A solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions

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Neutral

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Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are

answer

Acids

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A chemical reaction in which pairs of different molecules trade positions

answer

Exchange reaction

question

substances that ionize when dissolved in water

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Electrolytes

question

measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution

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pH scale

question

the most abundant inorganic substance in cells

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water

question

A person has alkalosis if the blood pH

answer

rises about 7.4

question

Matter is composed of ____, which are composed of _____

answer

elements; atoms

question

Atomic number equals the number of ______ and atomic weight equals the ____

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protons; number of protons plus neutrons

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Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for

answer

growth of body parts

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atoms share pairs of electrons

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covalent bond

question

a 10 fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration separates each whole number, the lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration, pH values about 7 are basic, pH values below 7 are acidic.

answer

On the pH scale

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Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of

answer

cations

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An acid reacting with a base

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exchange reaction

question

Organic molecules ____, whereas inorganic molecules ____ carbon

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contain carbon; do not contain

question

releases energy from glucose during cellular respiration

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In the body, oxygen

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Contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen, provide much of the energy that the cell requires, often are stored as reserve energy supplies, include sugars and starches

answer

carbohydrates

question

has a molecular formula of C6H12O6

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a simple carbohydrate

question

are insoluble in water, include phospholipids, cholesterol, and fats, contain C, H, and O, but with proportionately less oxygen than in carbohydrates, and are organic.

answer

Lipids

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a protein can denature when

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weak hydrogen bonds break

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What is not organic?

answer

Oxygen

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Saturated fats _______ than unsaturated

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have more single carbon-carbon bonds

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are structural materials, are chemical messengers, contain C,H,O, & N & sometimes sulfur, can function as enzymes

answer

Proteins

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Bases reacting with acids form ________ and water.

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electrolytes

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protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted

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Enzyme

question

stores genetic information.

answer

DNA

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composed of building blocks called nucleotides

answer

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids include

answer

RNA & DNA

question

DNA & RNA differ in that

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DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein

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An organic compound contains

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Carbon and hydrogen

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Carbon can form ___ covalent bonds

answer

4

question

What is not a monosaccharide?

answer

Glycogen

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A triglyceride consists of

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A triglyceride consists of

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Which compound is not hydrophilic

answer

lipids

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The symbol Na+ represents a sodium atom that has lost an electron.

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True

question

At atom that has gained or lost electrons

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ion

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Water is an example of a compound

answer

True

question

What is the number of protons in an atom of sodium?

answer

11

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If chlorine has the atomic mass of 35 and the atomic number of 17: What is the number of neutrons in chlorine

answer

18

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the sub-atomic particles with "no mass"

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electrons

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the sub-atomic particle that the atomic number is based on

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protons

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What is the atomic mass of an atom with 23 protons, 24 neutrons, and 25 electrons?

answer

47

question

How many electrons are in the outer energy level of an electrically neutral oxygen atom?

answer

6

question

cation

answer

the name given to any positively charged ion

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type of bond is formed by the transfer of electrons

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ionic

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negatively charged ion

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anion

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Refers to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses

answer

Isotope

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Atomic weight of an element the contains 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is

answer

beryllium

question

Is an atom of potassium more likely to become a cation or anion?

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cation

question

type of reaction is demonstrated as A + BC --> AC + B

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single replacement

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smallest unit of matter

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atom

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A total of how many electrons are needed to fill the outer shell of most atoms

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8

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type of bond is found between the bases in a DNA molecule

answer

Hydrogen

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type of protein aids in chemical reactions without itself being used up

answer

Enzyme

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If a protein's shape is changed then it has been___________.

answer

denatured

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An atom, to become stable, is always trying to fill it's ___________.

answer

outer energy level of electrons

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A + B ---> AB is an example of a

answer

synthesis reaction

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A chemical bond that involves the transfer of electrons

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Ionic Bond

question

What is not a type of carbohydrate

answer

glycerol

question

Sucrose is a type of

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Disaccharide

question

What is not a major class of organic compound

answer

fat

question

Glycogen is most similar to

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starch

question

Substances that enter into a chemical reaction are

answer

Reactants

question

can form 4 covalent bonds

answer

Carbon

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A nonsymmetrical distribution of electrical charges

answer

Polar

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All carbohydrates are composed of

answer

H O C

question

NaOH + HCl ----> NaCl + H2O is an example of

answer

Double replacement

question

The most abundant element in living things

answer

Oxygen

question

Inorganic substance that is a waste product in respiratio

answer

Carbon Dioxide

question

We get most of our food energy from

answer

Carbohydrates

question

Glycogen, a major nutrient reserve of animals, is an example of a

answer

Polysaccharide

question

the steroid that helps to form other steroids

answer

Cholesterol

question

The bond between amino acids is a/an

answer

Covalent bond and Peptide bond

question

Simple sugars

answer

Monosaccharide & Glucose

question

RNA and DNA are together known as this type of organic compound

answer

Nucleic Acids

question

pH scale ranges from

answer

0-14

question

is not a part of a nucleotide

answer

carboxyl group

question

occurs by repeatedly forming peptide bonds that link individual amino acids together into a chain

answer

Polymerization

question

A pH of 3 is

answer

strong acid

question

Lipids are important as

answer

Membrane components & Energy Molecules

question

Fats are best described as being composed of

answer

glycerol and saturated fatty acids

question

has a hydrophobic and a hydrophyllic portion

answer

Phospholipid

question

If an atom had the atomic number 14 and atomic mass of 27, how many protons, neutrons, and electrons would it have

answer

14, 13, 14

question

Enzymes are

answer

Proteins and catalysts

question

composed of C,H, and O in which there are twice as many H to O

answer

Carbohydrates

question

refers to the "water loving" nature of the phospholipid head

answer

Hydrophillic

question

The 4 organic compounds

answer

nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins

question

chemical that resists pH changes

answer

buffer

question

Which element is inert

answer

Ne

question

The building blocks of proteins

answer

Amino Acids

question

The assembly of irreversibly denatured protein molecules results in formation of a _________

answer

Solid Gel

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