Anthropology Test 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Physical anthropologists can understand human biological variation by looking at changes in:
answer
genes. health. lifestyle. (all of the above)
question
Physical anthropology deals with all aspects of human biology, both past and present. (T/F)
answer
True
question
Modern humans lost the typical primate honing canine used for food processing because of which invention?
answer
stone tools
question
A scientific hypothesis can:
answer
predict future outcomes. be refuted by new information. help to explain observed phenomena. (all of the above)
question
The four branches of anthropology are:
answer
cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, archaeology, and linguistic anthropology.
question
Which of the following would a physical anthropologist NOT study to learn more about humans?
answer
pottery and stone tools
question
Physical anthropology is the study of human __________ and human _________.
answer
evolution; variation
question
Humankind is still evolving, but recent genetic changes are often less interesting to physical anthropologists than are the striking evolutionary changes that differentiated our hominid ancestors from apes. What is a possible reason for this?
answer
Our species now completely depends on culture for its survival.
question
Which of the following outlines the steps of the scientific method in the proper order?
answer
Identify a problem; state a hypothesis; collect data; test the hypothesis.
question
Your professor researches the Turkana pastoralists of Kenya, investigating both the genetic changes that allow them to easily digest milk and the role that dairy animals have played in their history. Your professor most likely uses which of the following methods in her research?
answer
the biocultural approach.
question
Linnaeus's taxonomic system is referred to as a "hierarchy" because:
answer
each species has a "higher level" genus and "lower level" species.
question
How is the concept of catastrophism different from the concept of uniformitarianism?
answer
Catastrophism is the idea that geologic changes are the result of single cataclysmic events.
question
The "peppered" moths of northern England range in color from light to dark. During the Industrial Revolution, the peppered moth population became predominantly dark-colored, as these moths were better able to avoid predation by blending into their surroundings of soot-and-smoke covered trees. This example illustrates which force of evolution?
answer
natural selection
question
New diseases, such as swine flu (H1N1), can be attributed to the evolution of viruses.
answer
True
question
In a simplified example of eye color inheritance, B stands for the allele for brown eyes and is dominant. Blue eyes are represented by the recessive allele b. A child who inherits one of each allele from her parents will have the genotype Bb and therefore have brown eyes.
answer
True
question
Darwin's ideas about evolution and Mendel's research in genetics are combined into what we now call the idea of blending inheritance. (T/F)
answer
False
question
The study of taxonomy was enriched by the work of:
answer
Carolus Linnaeus
question
According to Linnaean taxonomy, humans are in the genus and species:
answer
Homo Sapiens
question
Darwin's ideas helped stimulate research in the fields of biology, genetics, comparative anatomy, and physical anthropology.
answer
True
question
How did Lamarck contribute to the theory of evolution?
answer
He did not but instead proposed an erroneous evolutionary mechanism known today as inheritance of acquired characteristics.
question
What is Cultural Anthropology?
answer
The study of cultures and societies of humans and their very recent past (living).
question
What is Archaeology?
answer
The study of past societies and their cultures (dead).
question
What is Linguistic Anthropology?
answer
The study of language.
question
What is Anthropology?
answer
The study of humankind, viewed from the perspective of all people and all times.
question
What is the biocultural approach?
answer
The scientific study of the interrelationship between what humans have inherited genetically and culture.
question
What is a species?
answer
A group of related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring.
question
Charles Darwin theory:
answer
Theory of Evolution (adaptations, natural selection, adaptive radiation)
question
What is uniformitarianism?
answer
Natural processes operating today are the same as those that happened in the past
question
James Hutton:
answer
Founded modern geology with his theory of the earth's formation (uniformitarianism).
question
Georges Cuvier:
answer
Studied fossils, founded catastrophism.
question
Charles Lyell:
answer
founded more geological evidence.
question
What is a taxonomy?
answer
a classification of life forms.
question
Thomas Malthus:
answer
founder of demography.
question
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarack:
answer
First model of physical traits passing from parents to offspring.
question
What is uniformitarianism?
answer
Natural processes operating today are the same as those that happened in the past.
